Medical Research Unit in Nephrological Diseases, Mexican Institute of Social Security, National Medical Center Century XXI, Specialty Hospital, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
Medical Research Unit in Reproductive Medicine, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Obstetric and Gynecological Hospital, Mexico City 01090, Mexico.
Int J Oncol. 2021 Mar;58(3):331-343. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5176. Epub 2021 Jan 25.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly occurring cancer and primary cause of cancer‑related mortality in women worldwide. Investigations into BC have been conducted in in vitro and in vivo models. Of these models, the cultivation of tumor cell lines in two‑dimensional models is the most widely employed in vitro model to study tumor physiology. However, this approach does not accurately model all aspects observed in tumors. To address these limitations, three‑dimensional (3D) in vitro models have been developed. In these, it is possible to reproduce the interaction between tumor cells and the extracellular matrix, as well as the interrelationship between tumor cells and stromal cells, in order to replicate the interactions observed within the 3D environment of in vivo tumors. The present review summarizes the most common 3D in vitro models used to study BC, including spheroid models, organ‑on‑a‑chip models, hydrogel models and bio‑printed models, with a discussion of their particular advantages and limitations.
乳腺癌（BC）是全球范围内最常见的癌症和癌症相关死亡的主要原因。对 BC 的研究已经在体外和体内模型中进行。在这些模型中，二维模型中肿瘤细胞系的培养是最广泛用于研究肿瘤生理学的体外模型。然而，这种方法并不能准确地模拟肿瘤中观察到的所有方面。为了解决这些局限性，已经开发了三维（3D）体外模型。在这些模型中，可以重现肿瘤细胞与细胞外基质之间的相互作用，以及肿瘤细胞与基质细胞之间的相互关系，以复制在体内肿瘤 3D 环境中观察到的相互作用。本文综述了用于研究 BC 的最常见的 3D 体外模型，包括球体模型、器官芯片模型、水凝胶模型和生物打印模型，并讨论了它们各自的优点和局限性。
