Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Chem Soc Rev. 2021 Apr 26;50(8):5201-5242. doi: 10.1039/d0cs01341b.
N2 is fixed as NH3 industrially by the Haber-Bosch process under harsh conditions, whereas biological nitrogen fixation is achieved under ambient conditions, which has prompted development of alternative methods to fix N2 catalyzed by transition metal molecular complexes. Since the early 21st century, catalytic conversion of N2 into NH3 under ambient conditions has been achieved by using molecular catalysts, and now H2O has been utilized as a proton source with turnover frequencies reaching the values found for biological nitrogen fixation. In this review, recent advances in the development of molecular catalysts for synthetic N2 fixation under ambient or mild conditions are summarized, and potential directions for future research are also discussed.
N2 通常在苛刻条件下通过哈伯-博世（Haber-Bosch）工艺固定为 NH3，而生物固氮则在环境条件下实现，这促使人们开发了替代方法，即用过渡金属分子配合物来催化固定 N2。自 21 世纪初以来，已经使用分子催化剂实现了在环境条件下将 N2 催化转化为 NH3，现在已经利用 H2O 作为质子源，其周转率达到了生物固氮的水平。在这篇综述中，总结了在环境或温和条件下合成 N2 固定用分子催化剂的最新进展，并讨论了未来的研究方向。
