Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Summit Toxicology, LLP, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2021 Jun;122:104913. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104913. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
Aluminium is widely used in many consumer products, however the primary source of aluminium exposure to the Canadian general population is through food. Aluminium can cause neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity at elevated exposure levels. Health-based exposure guidance values have been established for oral exposure to aluminium, including a Minimal Risk Level (MRL) by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), a Provincial Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and a Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Aluminium concentration in blood and urine can be used as a tool for exposure characterization in a population. A pharmacokinetic (PK) model was developed based on human dosing data to derive blood Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs), whereas a mass balance approach was used to derive urine BEs for the above guidance values. The BEs for blood for daily intake consistent with the MRL, PTWI and TWI were 18, 16 and 8 μg/L, respectively. BEs for urine for the same guidance values were 137, 123 and 57 μg/L, respectively. The derived BEs may be useful in interpreting population-level biomonitoring data in a health risk context and thereby screening and prioritizing substances for human health risk assessment and risk management.
铝广泛应用于许多消费产品中，然而，加拿大普通人群接触铝的主要来源是通过食物。在高暴露水平下，铝会引起神经毒性和生殖毒性。美国毒物和疾病登记署（ATSDR）制定了基于健康的铝口服暴露指导值，包括最低风险水平（MRL），粮农组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）制定了每周可耐受摄入量（PTWI），欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）制定了每周可耐受摄入量（TWI）。血液和尿液中的铝浓度可用作人群暴露特征的工具。基于人体剂量数据开发了一个药代动力学（PK）模型，以推导出血液生物监测等效物（BE），而使用质量平衡方法推导出上述指导值的尿液 BE。与 MRL、PTWI 和 TWI 一致的每日摄入量的血液 BE 分别为 18、16 和 8μg/L。相同指导值的尿液 BE 分别为 137、123 和 57μg/L。推导的 BE 可能有助于在健康风险背景下解释人群水平的生物监测数据，从而筛选和优先考虑对人类健康风险评估和风险管理具有重要意义的物质。
