Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
Brain Res Bull. 2021 May;170:264-273. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.024. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, in which the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide in the extracellular space causes a progressive reduction in cognitive performance. Aβ stimulates active oxygen species generation leading to oxidative stress and neural cell death. Vanillic Acid (VA) is the oxidant form of vanillin widely found in vanilla beans. VA has many properties, such as suppressing apoptosis and eliminating the harmful effects of oxidative stress in animal models. The VA effects on impaired learning and memory in Aβ rats were assessed. Forty adults male Wistar rats were assigned to the following five groups in random: the control, sham (received saline (vehicle) via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection), Aβ (received Aβ1-40 via ICV injection), VA (50 mg/kg by oral gavage once a day through four weeks), and Aβ + VA (50 mg/kg) groups. Open field test, novel object recognition (NOR) test, Morris water maze (MWM) test, and passive avoidance learning (PAL) task were performed, and finally, we determined the malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels. Aβ decreased the cognitive memory in NOR, spatial memory in MWM, and passive avoidance memory in PAL tests. In contrast, VA improved learning and memory in the treated group. Aβ significantly increased MDA and TOS and decreased TAC levels, whereas VA treatment significantly reversed TAC, TOS and MDA levels. In conclusion, VA decreased the Aβ effects on learning and memory by suppressing oxidative stress and can be regarded as a neuroprotective substance in AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征是β-淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）肽在细胞外空间的积累导致认知能力逐渐下降。Aβ 刺激活性氧物种的产生，导致氧化应激和神经细胞死亡。香草酸（VA）是香草醛的氧化剂形式，广泛存在于香草豆中。VA 具有多种特性，如抑制细胞凋亡和消除动物模型中氧化应激的有害影响。评估 VA 对 Aβ 大鼠受损学习和记忆的影响。40 只成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠随机分为以下五组：对照组、假手术组（通过脑室内（ICV）注射给予生理盐水（载体））、Aβ 组（通过 ICV 注射给予 Aβ1-40）、VA 组（50mg/kg 通过口服灌胃，每天一次，持续四周）和 Aβ+VA 组（50mg/kg）。进行旷场试验、新物体识别（NOR）试验、水迷宫（MWM）试验和被动回避学习（PAL）任务，最后测定丙二醛（MDA）、总抗氧化能力（TAC）和总氧化状态（TOS）水平。Aβ 降低了 NOR 中的认知记忆、MWM 中的空间记忆和 PAL 中的被动回避记忆。相反，VA 改善了治疗组的学习和记忆。Aβ 显著增加 MDA 和 TOS 并降低 TAC 水平，而 VA 治疗显著逆转 TAC、TOS 和 MDA 水平。综上所述，VA 通过抑制氧化应激降低了 Aβ 对学习和记忆的影响，可作为 AD 的神经保护物质。
