现代军用背包负荷对美国陆军士兵行走速度和心脏代谢反应的影响。

Effects of modern military backpack loads on walking speed and cardiometabolic responses of US Army Soldiers.

机构信息

US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.

US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), 10 General Greene Avenue, Natick, MA, 01760, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), 1299 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA.

出版信息

Appl Ergon. 2021 Jul;94:103395. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103395. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

DOI:10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103395

PMID:33652153

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Military leaders must understand how modern military equipment loads affect trade-offs between movement speed and physiological strain to optimize pacing strategies.

PURPOSE

To evaluate the effects of load carried in a recently developed military backpack on the walking speed and cardiometabolic responses of dismounted warfighters.

METHODS

Fifteen soldiers (1 woman, 14 men; age, 22 ± 2 years; height, 173 ± 7 cm; body mass (BM), 73 ± 10 kg) completed incremental walking tests with four external load conditions (0, 22, 44, or 66% BM) using the US Army's newest backpack: the Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment 4000 (MOLLE 4000). Oxygen uptake (V̇O) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated relative to maximal values (V̇O and HR respectively). Testing ceased when participants completed the highest tested speed (1.97 m s), exceeded a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) of 1.00, or reached volitional exhaustion.

RESULTS

Peak speed significantly decreased (p < 0.03) with successively heavier loads (0% BM, 1.95 ± 0.06 m s; 22% BM, 1.87 ± 0.10 m s; 44% BM, 1.69 ± 0.13 m s; 66% BM, 1.48 ± 0.13 m s). Peak V̇O was significantly lower (p < 0.01) with 0% BM (47 ± 5% V̇O) than each load (22% BM, 58 ± 8% V̇O; 44% BM, 63 ± 10% V̇O; 66% BM, 61 ± 11% V̇O). Peak HR was significantly lower (p < 0.01) with 0% BM (71 ± 5% HR) versus each load (22% BM, 83 ± 6% HR; 44% BM, 87 ± 6% HR; 66% BM, 88 ± 6% HR).

CONCLUSION

Overburdened warfighters suffer severe impairments in walking speed even when carrying recently developed military load carriage equipment. Our results suggest that the relative work intensity of heavy load carriage may be better described when expressed relative to HR versus V̇O.

摘要

简介

军事领导人必须了解现代军事装备负荷如何影响速度和生理负荷之间的权衡，以优化 pacing 策略。

目的

评估最近开发的军用背包对下车战斗人员的行走速度和心血管代谢反应的影响。

方法

15 名士兵（1 名女性，14 名男性；年龄，22±2 岁；身高，173±7cm；体重（BM），73±10kg）使用美国陆军最新的背包：模块化轻型装载设备 4000（MOLLE 4000）进行了 4 种外部负荷条件（0、22、44 或 66% BM）的递增步行测试。相对最大值（分别为 V̇O 和 HR）评估摄氧量（V̇O）和心率（HR）。当参与者达到最高测试速度（1.97 m/s）、呼吸交换比（RER）超过 1.00 或达到自愿性衰竭时，测试停止。

结果

随着负荷的逐渐增加，峰值速度显著降低（p<0.03）（0% BM，1.95±0.06 m/s；22% BM，1.87±0.10 m/s；44% BM，1.69±0.13 m/s；66% BM，1.48±0.13 m/s）。峰值 V̇O 显著降低（p<0.01），0% BM（47±5% V̇O）低于各负荷（22% BM，58±8% V̇O；44% BM，63±10% V̇O；66% BM，61±11% V̇O）。峰值 HR 显著降低（p<0.01），0% BM（71±5% HR）低于各负荷（22% BM，83±6% HR；44% BM，87±6% HR；66% BM，88±6% HR）。