School of Aging Studies, United States of America, University of South Florida, 4202 E Fowler Avenue, MHC 1344, Tampa, FL, USA.
Department of Psychological Science, Ball State University, United States of America, 106 North Quad Building, Muncie, IN, 43706, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2021 Apr;274:113800. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113800. Epub 2021 Feb 25.
Sleep is important for many functions including body and mind restoration. Studies report the association of sleep with stress and physical deterioration, often focusing only on sleep duration; yet, sleep health needs to be understood by multiple dimensions to comprehensively capture its impact on well-being.
This study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of multidimensional sleep health with perceived stress and chronic physical conditions.
We used a sample of 441 adults (M age = 57 years) who participated in the biomarker project of the Midlife in the United States Study. Participants provided self-report and actigraphy sleep data in 2004-2009 (T1). We created a composite score of sleep health (Range = 0-6; higher indicating more sleep problems) encompassing: actigraphy-measured regularity, timing, efficiency, duration, and self-reported satisfaction and alertness. Participants responded to the perceived stress scale and chronic physical conditions checklist at T1; chronic physical conditions were reassessed in 2013-2015 (T2).
Cross-sectionally, a composite score of sleep health problems was uniquely associated with higher perceived stress and more chronic conditions, explaining additional variance that each individual sleep variable did not explain. Sleep duration - one of the most commonly researched dimensions of sleep - was not associated with either perceived stress or chronic conditions. Longitudinally, for individuals who had fewer chronic conditions at T1, having more sleep health problems was associated with an increase in chronic conditions at T2. Among the multiple dimensions, sleep satisfaction was most consistently and strongly associated with the outcomes.
Findings suggest the importance of considering multiple sleep dimensions concerning psychological and physical well-being in adulthood.
睡眠对于身体和精神的恢复等许多功能都很重要。研究报告表明，睡眠与压力和身体恶化有关，这些研究通常只关注睡眠时间；然而，为了全面了解睡眠对健康的影响，还需要从多个维度来理解睡眠健康。
本研究考察了多维睡眠健康与感知压力和慢性身体状况的横断面和纵向关联。
我们使用了参加美国中年生物标志物研究计划的 441 名成年人（平均年龄为 57 岁）的样本。参与者在 2004-2009 年（T1）提供了自我报告和活动记录仪睡眠数据。我们创建了一个睡眠健康综合评分（范围为 0-6；分数越高表示睡眠问题越多），包括：活动记录仪测量的规律性、时间、效率、时长以及自我报告的满意度和警觉度。参与者在 T1 时回答了感知压力量表和慢性身体状况清单；在 2013-2015 年（T2）重新评估了慢性身体状况。
横断面研究中，睡眠健康问题的综合评分与更高的感知压力和更多的慢性疾病独立相关，解释了每个单独的睡眠变量无法解释的额外差异。睡眠时长——最常研究的睡眠维度之一——与感知压力或慢性疾病均无关。纵向研究中，对于 T1 时慢性疾病较少的个体，睡眠健康问题越多，T2 时慢性疾病的增加越多。在多个维度中，睡眠满意度与结果的相关性最一致和最强。
研究结果表明，在成年期考虑多个睡眠维度对于心理和身体健康很重要。
