Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.
Psychiatr Q. 2021 Sep;92(3):1187-1199. doi: 10.1007/s11126-021-09898-8. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
The objectives of this study were to determine whether gender differences exist in how social support, and different types of support, impact psychological distress among Canadian adults with bipolar I and bipolar II disorder (BD), to examine whether females and males with BD differ in their perceived levels of support and distress compared to females and males without BD, and to investigate whether females and males with BD perceive different levels of support and distress. Using a cross-sectional, national datafile, 281 females and 282 males (20-64 years) who reported being diagnosed with BD were investigated using the Social Provisions Scale (SPS) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). It was found that females and males with BD had significantly lower SPS scores and significantly higher K10 scores than females and males without BD, females with BD perceive significantly higher overall support, as well as higher attachment and guidance compared to males with BD, and support in the form of social integration and was associated with decreased psychological distress for both males and females with BD. Furthermore, reassurance of worth was an additional predictor of decreased distress for males, while guidance was an additional predictor of decreased distress for females. Despite the limitations, which include self-reported diagnosis of BD and potential exclusion of those who are not diagnosed but have BD, these findings suggest that different types of social support may serve as protective factors for psychological distress among females and males with BD.
本研究旨在确定在加拿大双相情感障碍 I 型和 II 型（BD）患者中，社会支持以及不同类型的支持对心理困扰的影响是否存在性别差异，检验与无 BD 的女性和男性相比，BD 患者中的女性和男性在感知支持和困扰程度上是否存在差异，以及探究 BD 患者中的女性和男性是否感知到不同程度的支持和困扰。本研究使用了横断面、全国性的数据文件，调查了 281 名女性和 282 名男性（20-64 岁），他们报告了被诊断为 BD，并使用社会支持量表（SPS）和 Kessler 心理困扰量表（K10）进行了评估。结果发现，与无 BD 的女性和男性相比，BD 患者中的女性和男性的 SPS 评分明显较低，K10 评分明显较高。BD 患者中的女性感知到的总体支持以及依恋和指导明显更高，而BD 患者中的男性感知到的社会整合支持与心理困扰呈负相关。此外，对价值的保证是男性心理困扰降低的另一个预测因素，而指导是女性心理困扰降低的另一个预测因素。尽管存在一些局限性，包括自我报告的 BD 诊断以及可能排除那些未被诊断但患有 BD 的人，但这些发现表明，不同类型的社会支持可能是 BD 患者心理困扰的保护因素。
