社区居住的老年人中的驾驶员康复利用和需求。
Driver Rehabilitation Utilization and Need Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.
机构信息
Elizabeth Marfeo, PhD, MPH, OT, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA;
Meredith Grinnell, OTD, CBIS, is Lecturer and Level I Fieldwork Coordinator, Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA.
出版信息
Am J Occup Ther. 2021 Mar-Apr;75(2):7502205040p1-7502205040p7. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2020.040501.
IMPORTANCE
Driving is one of the most important instrumental activities of daily living. As adults age, many face challenges with maintaining independent driving, leading to risk for decreased occupational engagement and quality of life. The extent to which occupational therapy services meet the driver rehabilitation needs of older adults is unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To characterize driver rehabilitation service utilization among a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults.
DESIGN
Exploratory, descriptive cross-sectional study using the National Health and Aging Trends Study 2016 wave.
PARTICIPANTS
Community-dwelling adults age 65 and older who received rehabilitation services in the past year (N = 1,173).
OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Sociodemographic information, comorbidities, rehabilitation use, community mobility, and participation restrictions were collected using self-report and performance-based measures.
RESULTS
Of this sample of older adults, 63.0% reported driving as their primary mode of transportation, 25.8% reported limitations in community participation related to transportation, and 9.2% reported having received rehabilitation focused on driving or other transportation goals in the past year. Findings from this study suggest a discrepancy between utilization of driver rehabilitation and self-reported need.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Many older adults reported limitations in community participation for transportation-related reasons, yet driver rehabilitation represented only a small proportion of services used. As experts in driver rehabilitation, occupational therapy practitioners should lead the way in advocating for increased utilization of driver rehabilitation and development of innovative, accessible transportation options to promote community mobility and participation among older adults.
WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS
The results of this study illustrate an important discrepancy between self-reported need for and utilization of driver rehabilitation services. Occupational therapy practitioners can play an important role in meeting older adults' driving and transportation needs to enable them to fully participate in their community and daily routines.
重要性
驾驶是日常生活中最重要的工具性活动之一。随着成年人年龄的增长，许多人在保持独立驾驶方面面临挑战，导致职业参与度和生活质量下降的风险增加。职业治疗服务在多大程度上满足老年人的驾驶康复需求尚不清楚。
目的
描述全国代表性的社区居住老年人样本中驾驶康复服务的利用情况。
设计
使用国家健康与老龄化趋势研究 2016 年波的探索性、描述性横断面研究。
参与者
过去一年接受过康复服务的社区居住 65 岁及以上的成年人（N=1173）。
结果和措施
使用自我报告和基于表现的测量方法收集社会人口统计学信息、合并症、康复使用、社区流动性和参与限制。
结果
在这个老年人样本中，63.0%的人报告驾驶是他们的主要交通方式，25.8%的人报告因交通原因导致社区参与受限，9.2%的人报告在过去一年中接受过专注于驾驶或其他交通目标的康复治疗。本研究的结果表明，驾驶康复的利用与自我报告的需求之间存在差异。
结论和相关性
许多老年人报告因交通相关原因导致社区参与受限，但驾驶康复仅占所使用服务的一小部分。作为驾驶康复方面的专家，职业治疗从业者应带头倡导增加驾驶康复的利用，并开发创新、便捷的交通选择，以促进老年人的社区流动性和参与度。
本文的添加内容
本研究结果说明了自我报告的驾驶康复需求与利用之间存在重要差异。职业治疗从业者可以在满足老年人的驾驶和交通需求方面发挥重要作用，使他们能够充分参与社区和日常生活。
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