Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS, 1A Favorsky str., Irkutsk, Russia, 664033.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2021 Apr;80(3):531-545. doi: 10.1007/s00244-021-00819-1. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
Bratsk water reservoir is a part of the unified Baikal-Angara water system, the world's largest reservoir of surface drinking water. This study intends to assess the water quality of Bratsk reservoir by examining the spatial and temporal variability of trace element concentrations over periods of changing by the anthropogenic impact. The water samples were collected along the length of the reservoir in 2003, 2008, 2012, and 2018 and analyzed for 12 trace elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Cs, Pb, U, and Hg). The results show that in the zone of maximum anthropogenic impact the concentrations of these elements increased as follows: Al 781.0 µg L; Cr 1.43 µg L; Fe 1052.4 µg L; Cu 3.34 µg L; Zn 15.52 µg L; Cd 0.691 µg L; Cs 0.070 µg L; U 1.74 µg L; Hg 0.0505 µg L. The trace element concentrations in Bratsk reservoir water did not exceed levels set by the international drinking water quality standards. At the same time, the uniqueness of the reservoir requires the use of stricter criteria for water quality control. The trace element concentrations in the water from the source of the Angara river (the only run-off from Lake Baikal) used as reference levels indicate higher levels of metal contamination and pollution indices in Bratsk reservoir water. Over different periods of observation, the contamination factor (CF) showed very high contamination for Al, Mn, Cd, and Cs. PLI indices for 2003 and 2018 classify the majority of water samples as polluted. The NPI values were indicative of severe water contamination by Mn and Pb (all years), Cu (2009), Fe and Cd (2003), Al, Cr, Zn, Cs, and Hg (2003, 2009, 2018). The obtained results showed the importance of using water quality criteria with a view to strengthening the requirements of environmental protection measures in the Baikal region.
布拉茨克水库是贝加尔-安加拉水系的一部分，是世界上最大的地表水饮用水水库。本研究旨在通过考察受人为影响变化期间痕量元素浓度的时空变化来评估布拉茨克水库的水质。于 2003 年、2008 年、2012 年和 2018 年沿水库长度采集水样，并分析了 12 种痕量元素（Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Cs、Pb、U 和 Hg）。结果表明，在最大人为影响区，这些元素的浓度增加如下：Al 781.0μg/L；Cr 1.43μg/L；Fe 1052.4μg/L；Cu 3.34μg/L；Zn 15.52μg/L；Cd 0.691μg/L；Cs 0.070μg/L；U 1.74μg/L；Hg 0.0505μg/L。布拉茨克水库水中的痕量元素浓度未超过国际饮用水水质标准规定的水平。同时，水库的独特性要求对水质控制采用更严格的标准。作为参考水平的安加拉河（唯一来自贝加尔湖的径流）源头的水中痕量元素浓度表明，布拉茨克水库水中的金属污染和污染指数更高。在不同的观测期间，污染因子（CF）显示出 Al、Mn、Cd 和 Cs 的极高污染。2003 年和 2018 年的 PLI 指数将大多数水样归类为污染。NPI 值表明 Mn 和 Pb（所有年份）、Cu（2009 年）、Fe 和 Cd（2003 年）、Al、Cr、Zn、Cs 和 Hg（2003 年、2009 年、2018 年）的水污染严重。所得结果表明，在贝加尔地区，为加强环境保护措施的要求，使用水质标准非常重要。
