Earth Sciences Department, Turin University, via Valperga Caluso 35, Turin, Italy.
Direzione Ambiente, Energia e Territorio, Settore Tutela delle acque, Regione Piemonte, via Principe Amedeo 17, Turin, Italy.
Environ Geochem Health. 2022 Jul;44(7):1971-1994. doi: 10.1007/s10653-021-00864-8. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
In the context of global climate change, understanding the relationships between climate and groundwater is increasingly important. This study in the NW Alps represents the first regional-scale investigation of the groundwater feature variation in mountain aquifers due to climate variability. The analysis of groundwater temperature and discharge in 28 natural mineral water springs and meteorological parameters (rainfall and air temperature) permitted us to evaluate the annual behaviour and possible trends of these parameters during the period from 2001 to 2018. The air temperature showed a positive trend almost everywhere, with a rise of up to 0.03 °C/year. In contrast, only ten springs showed a positive trend for groundwater temperature, but with the smallest rates of increase. Moreover, despite the substantial stability of the rainfall amount, 50% of the analysed springs showed a trend (29 and 21% for positive and negative trends, respectively) with low discharge variations. Finally, cross-correlation analyses proved the close relationship between air and groundwater temperatures, with a time lag between 0 and 3 months, and between spring discharge and air temperature, with a time lag between 1 and 3 months. In particular, spring discharge is closely connected to snow melting in spring and subordinate to rainfall. These results highlight the existing correlations between spring discharge and various meteorological and topographic parameters in the studied mountain area and provide a preliminary framework of the impacts of climatic variability on the availability and temperature of the exploited water resources.
在全球气候变化的背景下，了解气候与地下水之间的关系变得越来越重要。本研究在阿尔卑斯山的西北地区首次对气候变异性引起的山区含水层地下水特征变化进行了区域规模的调查。通过分析 28 个天然矿泉水泉和气象参数（降雨量和气温）中的地下水温与流量，我们评估了这些参数在 2001 年至 2018 年期间的年变化和可能的趋势。气温几乎在所有地方都呈现出正趋势，每年上升约 0.03°C。相比之下，只有 10 个泉的地下水温呈正趋势，但增长率最小。此外，尽管降雨量的变化相当稳定，但 50%的分析泉呈现出趋势（分别为 29%和 21%为正和负趋势），流量变化较小。最后，互相关分析证明了空气和地下水温之间的密切关系，时间滞后为 0 到 3 个月，以及泉流量与空气温度之间的密切关系，时间滞后为 1 到 3 个月。特别是，泉流量与春季融雪密切相关，受降雨量支配。这些结果突出了研究山区中泉流量与各种气象和地形参数之间存在的相关性，并为气候变异性对可利用水资源的供应和温度的影响提供了初步框架。
