The Chaim Rosenberg School of Jewish Studies and Archaeology.
Hist Psychol. 2021 Feb;24(1):22-33. doi: 10.1037/hop0000184.
Following three turning points in the historical development of psychology this study examines how the relation between mental health and the state of illness is linked to the concept of "passions." The first was the birth of modern psychiatry in 18th century France. The second was the development of the field of inquiry in antiquity about the psuchē and its mental activities, and the third was the turn of early Christian thought about mind and soul. A comparison between early modern and ancient concepts of "the passions" reveals the moral and ethical aspects of the concept "mental health," and shows that more than for any other kind of illness, the history of mental illness and mental health is embedded within a moralistic philosophical perspective. Pathology as a field of study of "the passions," whatever their definition was, enabled thinkers to refer to mental illness and health in moral terms. Although "passions" meant different things to different authors in different times, it was used by all as means to link between inner mental activities and the way the body react to the outside world. We can see it as an obligatory element to conceptualize illness, disorder, and health in regards to mental activities. Pagan ancient authors as well as early Christian authors used it to construct new theories and praxes about mental health, while early modern psychiatrists used it to develop corporeal methods of cure. In all currents of thought the concept of "passions" and the definition of the ways in which they affected the mind were used to distinguish mental illness and mental health from any other type of illness and health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
本研究考察了心理健康与疾病状态之间的关系如何与“激情”概念相关联，其关注了心理学历史发展中的三个转折点。第一个转折点是 18 世纪法国现代精神病学的诞生。第二个转折点是古代探究灵魂及其心理活动的领域的发展，第三个转折点是早期基督教关于思想和灵魂的思想的转变。早期现代和古代“激情”概念的比较揭示了“心理健康”概念的道德和伦理方面，并表明，与任何其他类型的疾病相比，精神疾病和精神健康的历史都嵌入在道德哲学观点中。病理学作为“激情”的研究领域，无论其定义如何，都使思想家能够从道德角度来谈论精神疾病和健康。尽管“激情”在不同的时代对不同的作者意味着不同的东西，但它被所有人用作将内在心理活动与身体对外界反应方式联系起来的手段。我们可以将其视为将心理活动方面的疾病、障碍和健康概念化的必要元素。异教古代作者和早期基督教作者都用它来构建关于心理健康的新理论和实践，而早期现代精神病学家则用它来发展肉体治疗方法。在所有思潮中，“激情”的概念及其影响思维方式的定义都被用来将精神疾病和精神健康与任何其他类型的疾病和健康区分开来。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
