Diminished dorsal root GABA sensitivity following chronic peripheral nerve injury.

The depolarizing effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on rat lumbar dorsal roots was studied in a sucrose gap chamber following axotomy or crush injury of the sciatic nerve or dorsal root. The mean depolarization elicited by GABA on normal dorsal roots (3.96 +/- 0.71 mV, N = 14) was significantly reduced following chronic sciatic axotomy (2.02 +/- 0.99 mV, N = 15). Chronic sciatic crush injury had no significant effect on dorsal root GABA sensitivity. The amplitudes of the dorsal root compound action potentials were the same from rats with normal and injured sciatic nerves, indicating that axons proximal to the sciatic nerve lesion did not undergo appreciable degeneration. A marked loss of dorsal root GABA sensitivity was also seen following dorsal root axotomy or crush injury (1.02 +/- 0.98 mV (N = 10) and 0.69 +/- 0.70 mV (N = 9), respectively). These results indicate that GABA sensitivity of dorsal roots is attenuated following peripheral nerve lesions in which regeneration and functional reconnection with peripheral targets are prevented. Previous work indicates that the primary afferent depolarization is reduced under similar conditions. The reduction in GABA sensitivity of dorsal root fibers described here may have a contributory role in the reduced primary afferent depolarization that follows peripheral nerve transection, which has pathophysiologic implications in chronic pain syndromes.