Effect of osmotic pressure on prolactin release in rainbow trout: in vitro studies.

To investigate a possible effect of osmotic pressure on prolactin (PRL) release in rainbow trout, we developed a technique for in vitro perifusion of trout pituitaries. Changes in osmotic pressure similar to those observed in fish plasma during transfer experiments did not induce significant modifications of PRL release. In contrast, high-amplitude variation of osmotic pressure resulted in clear modifications of PRL secretion: hyperosmotic medium caused a reduction in PRL release, while infusion of hyposmotic medium induced a transitory increase in PRL release. By using different concentrations of mannitol, we found that the modifications of prolactin secretion could not be ascribed to alterations of the ionic composition of the medium but actually resulted from variations in the osmotic pressure of the incubation medium. In further experiments osmotic pressure was decreased from 300 to 220 mOsm/kg or from 400 to 300 mOsm/kg; a similar transitory increase in PRL release was observed. Measurement of gonadotropin (GtH) in the perifusion effluent medium showed that PRL and GtH secretion followed similar patterns. Thus, our results suggest a possible mechanical effect of wide changes in osmotic pressure on pituitary cell membranes. These data indicate that the rainbow trout differs notably from nonsalmonid teleost species thus far studied in the lack of sensitivity of its PRL cells to osmotic pressure.