Prunet P, Boeuf G, Houdebine L M
J Exp Zool. 1985 Aug;235(2):187-96. doi: 10.1002/jez.1402350205.
The development of a highly specific radioimmunoassay for salmonid prolactin (PRL) using chinook salmon PRL allowed us to study plasma and pituitary PRL profiles in large sedentary rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) transferred from fresh water to seawater and vice versa. Plasma osmotic pressure and chloride levels were also measured for 3 weeks following change of salinity. Within 1 day after transfer to full seawater we observed a plasma PRL decrease, which stayed significantly lower (3-5 ng/ml) than the fresh water control group (10-15 ng/ml) during the entire experiment. Pituitary PRL content showed an initial abrupt increase, but after 3 weeks in seawater pituitary PRL content had decreased to the same level as in the fresh water control group. On the contrary, transfer from seawater to fresh water was followed within 1 day by a rise in plasma PRL levels, which stayed high (10-15 ng/ml) after 3 weeks in fresh water. Simultaneously, pituitary PRL content decreased significantly. These results may indicate an important role of PRL in fresh water adaptation of sedentary rainbow trout.
利用奇努克鲑鱼催乳素开发出一种高度特异性的鲑鱼催乳素放射免疫分析法，这使我们能够研究大型定居虹鳟（虹鳟）从淡水转移到海水以及从海水转移到淡水时血浆和垂体中的催乳素水平变化情况。在盐度变化后的3周内，还测量了血浆渗透压和氯离子水平。转移到全海水环境后的1天内，我们观察到血浆催乳素水平下降，在整个实验过程中，该水平显著低于淡水对照组（3 - 5纳克/毫升），而淡水对照组为（10 - 15纳克/毫升）。垂体催乳素含量最初急剧增加，但在海水中饲养3周后，垂体催乳素含量已降至与淡水对照组相同的水平。相反，从海水转移到淡水后1天内，血浆催乳素水平就会升高，在淡水中饲养3周后仍保持在较高水平（10 - 15纳克/毫升）。同时，垂体催乳素含量显著下降。这些结果可能表明催乳素在定居虹鳟适应淡水环境中起着重要作用。
