Shen Chaoqun, Li Gang, Dreni Ludovico, Zhang Dabing
Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Feb 16;12:635500. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.635500. eCollection 2021.
Carpel is the ovule-bearing female reproductive organ of flowering plants and is required to ensure its protection, an efficient fertilization, and the development of diversified types of fruits, thereby it is a vital element of most food crops. The origin and morphological changes of the carpel are key to the evolution and adaption of angiosperms. Progresses have been made in elucidating the developmental mechanisms of carpel establishment in the model eudicot plant , while little and fragmentary information is known in grasses, a family that includes many important crops such as rice (), maize (), barley (), and wheat (). Here, we highlight recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying potential pathways of carpel development in grasses, including carpel identity determination, morphogenesis, and floral meristem determinacy. The known role of transcription factors, hormones, and miRNAs during grass carpel formation is summarized and compared with the extensively studied eudicot model plant . The genetic and molecular aspects of carpel development that are conserved or diverged between grasses and eudicots are therefore discussed.
心皮是开花植物中带有胚珠的雌性生殖器官，对于确保胚珠的保护、有效受精以及多种类型果实的发育至关重要，因此它是大多数粮食作物的关键要素。心皮的起源和形态变化是被子植物进化与适应的关键。在阐明模式双子叶植物心皮形成的发育机制方面已取得进展，而对于包括水稻、玉米、大麦和小麦等许多重要作物的禾本科植物，相关信息却知之甚少且支离破碎。在此，我们着重介绍了在理解禾本科植物心皮发育潜在途径的机制方面的最新进展，包括心皮身份的确定、形态发生以及花分生组织的确定性。总结了转录因子、激素和微小RNA在禾本科植物心皮形成过程中的已知作用，并与广泛研究的双子叶模式植物进行了比较。因此，讨论了禾本科植物和双子叶植物在心皮发育的遗传和分子方面的保守或差异之处。
