Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia.
Sport Performance Innovation and Knowledge Excellence, Queensland Academy of Sport, Nathan, Australia.
Sports Biomech. 2024 May;23(5):682-694. doi: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1887342. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
This study aimed to 1) identify what starting block outcome kinetics have the greatest relationship to 15 m start time; 2) investigate key mechanistic determinants of the block phase and how these forces are sequenced. One hundred and fifty-two high-level competitive swimmers were included in the study. Linear mixed modelling identified four on-block outcome kinetic variables (work, average power, horizontal take-off velocity (HTOV), and average acceleration) as having a very large relationship (R = 0.79-0.83) to 15 m start time, with average power having the most substantial impact. On-block force sequencing started with the rear leg, followed by upper limb grab forces and the front leg. Further exploration of underlying determinants was performed for average power and HTOV of the centre of mass. Multiple linear regression identified grab resultant peak force, rear resultant average force, front horizontal peak force, and resultant peak force as significant predictors of average power (R = 0.88). HTOV was predicted using the same variables, apart from the inclusion of rear horizontal peak force instead of rear resultant average force (R = 0.73). These findings may influence how strength and conditioning and skill acquisition interventions are designed to improve swim start performance.
1）确定哪些起跑台动力学参数与 15 米起跑时间有最大关系；2）研究起跑阶段的关键力学决定因素以及这些力的顺序。本研究共纳入 152 名高水平竞技游泳运动员。线性混合模型确定了四个起跑台上的结果动力学变量（功、平均功率、水平起飞速度（HTOV）和平均加速度）与 15 米起跑时间有非常大的关系（R=0.79-0.83），其中平均功率的影响最大。起跑台上的力序始于后腿，接着是上肢抓地力和前腿。进一步对质心的平均功率和 HTOV 的潜在决定因素进行了探索。多元线性回归确定了抓地力峰值力、后腿平均力、前水平峰值力和总峰值力是平均功率的重要预测因素（R=0.88）。HTOV 也使用相同的变量进行预测，但后腿平均力被后腿水平峰值力取代（R=0.73）。这些发现可能会影响如何设计力量和体能以及技能获取干预措施，以提高游泳起跑表现。
