Physical Origin of the Mechanochemical Coupling at Interfaces.

We used density functional theory calculations to investigate the physical origin of the mechanochemical response of material interfaces. Our results show that the mechanochemical response can be decomposed into the contribution from the interface itself (deformation of interfacial bonds) and a contribution from the underlying solid. The relative contributions depend on the stiffness of these regions and the contact geometry, which affects the stress distribution within the bulk region. We demonstrate that, contrary to what is commonly assumed, the contribution to the activation volume from the elastic deformation of the surrounding bulk is significant and, in some case, may be dominant. We also show that the activation volume and the mechanochemical response of interfaces should be finite due to the effects on the stiffness and stress distribution within the near-surface bulk region. Our results indicate that the large range of activation volumes measured in the previous experiments even for the same material system might originate from the different degrees of contributions probed from the bulk vs interface.