Roles of the multivalent dynein adaptors BicD2 and RILP in neurons.

Cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for all forms of retrograde transport in neurons and other cells. Work over several years has led to the identification of a class of coiled-coil domain containing "adaptor" proteins that are responsible for expanding dynein's range of cargo interactions, as well as regulating dynein motor behavior. This brief review focuses first on the BicD family of adaptor proteins, which clearly serve to expand the number of dynein cargo interactions. RILP, another adaptor protein, also interacts with multiple proteins. Surprisingly, this is to mediate a series of steps within a common pathway, higher eukaryotic autophagy. These distinct features have important implications for understanding the full range of dynein adaptor functions.