Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Grupo de Estudos de Nematoda Aquáticos (GENAQ), Av. Augusto Corrêa s/n, Guamá, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil.
Laboratório de Pesquisa em Monitoramento Ambiental Marinho (LAPMAR), Laboratório de Oceanografia Biológica (LOB), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa s/n, Guamá, Belém, PA, CEP: 66075-110, Brazil.
Mar Environ Res. 2021 May;167:105289. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105289. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
Sandy beaches are key economic assets worldwide, however, recreational activities are an important source of disturbance in these ecosystems. Intensive human use of beaches has a negative effect on benthic communities as it alters species abundance, diversity, and/or distribution. Here, we report the impacts of recreational activities (trampling and vehicles) on meiobenthic communities and nematode assemblages on Amazonian sandy beaches for the first time. For this purpose, samples were carried out in four consecutive months encompassing a period of high visitation peak (one month Before Vacation, During Vacation, and two months After Vacation) on three contrasting beaches regarding disturbances (Urban: Atalaia; Intermediary: Farol-Velho; and Protected: Corvinas) at seven equidistant sampling stations (50 m apart) from the high tide water mark to the swash zone. At each sampling station, three biological samples and sediments samples were collected haphazardly. Also, in each station, the sediment compaction was determined using a manual penetrometer. Overall, physical sediment variables (grain size, sorting) were constant over time in all beaches, whereas differences in intensity of recreational activities and sediment compaction were found between beaches and months. Sediment compaction was considered the most important factor for the differences observed in meiofauna community structure in the study areas, and it was related to intensity of recreational activities. Variations in density and changes in richness between periods were observed in Atalaia and Farol-Velho beaches. On the other hand, Corvinas beach remained the same throughout the study. In the first month after vacation, density and richness were similar to those in the period before vacation, thus indicating that the beaches had recovered in one month. Furthermore, vulnerabilities of Tardigrada and Copepoda, as well as of the Nematoda genera Daptonema, and Chromadorita, indicate that they might be potential indicators of recreational activities.
沙滩是全球范围内重要的经济资产，但休闲娱乐活动是这些生态系统中重要的干扰源。人类对沙滩的密集利用对底栖生物群落产生了负面影响，改变了物种的丰度、多样性和/或分布。在这里，我们首次报告了休闲娱乐活动（踩踏和车辆）对亚马逊沙滩上的小型底栖生物群落和线虫组合的影响。为此，我们在四个连续的月份中进行了采样，涵盖了高访问高峰期（一个月前的假期、假期中和假期后的两个月），涉及三个干扰程度不同的沙滩（城市：Atalaia；中间：Farol-Velho；和保护：Corvinas），在高潮水位线到冲刷带之间的七个等距采样站（相距 50 米）进行采样。在每个采样站，随机采集三个生物样本和沉积物样本。此外，在每个站点，使用手动贯入仪测定沉积物压实度。总体而言，所有沙滩的物理沉积物变量（粒度、分选）随时间保持不变，而在海滩和月份之间发现了休闲娱乐活动和沉积物压实度的强度差异。沉积物压实度被认为是研究区小型底栖动物群落结构差异的最重要因素，并且与休闲娱乐活动的强度有关。在 Atalaia 和 Farol-Velho 海滩，观察到密度和丰富度在不同时期的变化。另一方面，Corvinas 海滩在整个研究期间保持不变。在假期后的第一个月，密度和丰富度与假期前的时期相似，表明海滩在一个月内恢复了。此外，缓步动物和桡足类的脆弱性，以及线虫属 Daptonema 和 Chromadorita 的脆弱性，表明它们可能是休闲娱乐活动的潜在指标。
