Thermophilic biogas production from microalgae-bacteria aggregates: biogas yield, community variation and energy balance.

Biogas production through anaerobic mesophilic digestion is the most straightforward biofuel production route integrated into microalgae-bacteria wastewater treatment plants. Improvement of this biofuel route without adding pretreatment units is possible through the temperature increase. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the transitory effect of different temperatures (35 °C and 55 °C) and hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 15 and 30 d on the long-term methane production using non-pretreated microalgae-bacteria aggregates as a feedstock. The thermophilic transition from mesophilic inoculum adapted to microalgae-bacteria aggregate increased 1.7-fold the methane production (0.41 mCH kgVS) at HRT of 30 d. A substantial decrease in the microbial community's diversity present in the anaerobic reactor was observed when thermophilic conditions were applied, explaining the long adaptation period needed. The increase of the operative temperature condition promotes changes in the dominance pathway of methanogenesis from hydrogenotrophic to acetolactic. The energy balance assessment showed a positive net energy ratio when the digester was operated at an HRT of 30 d. A maximum net energy ratio of 1.5 was achieved at mesophilic temperature. This study demonstrated, based on experimental data, that microalgal digestion with an HRT of 30 d favors energy self-sustainability in microalgal wastewater treatment plants.