Departamento de Química, Departamento de Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.
Departamento de Metalugría e Integridad Estructural, Centro de Investigación de Materiales Avanzados-CIMAV, Chihuahua, Mexico.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2021 May;117:104404. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104404. Epub 2021 Feb 23.
Guided bone regeneration surgeries are based on grafting a scaffold in the site to be repaired. The main focus of the scaffold is to provide mechanical support to newly formed blood vessels and cells that will colonize the grafted site, achiving bone regenertation. In this regards, the aim of this study was to characterize the anatomy, structular, surface morphologycal, chemical composition, and nanomechanical properties of ostrich and equine trabecular bone. Ostrich and equine specimens were obtained from a local abattoir and bone was obtained by blunt dissection, n = 5. Tissue bone anatomy and trabecular structure were measured using Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT). Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Energy dispersion spectrometry of X-ray (EDS) were used to examine surface morphology and chemical composition of the trabecular ostrich and equine bone. Mechanical behavior was analysted by nanoindentation. Equine specimens were examined as control. CAT results suggest that in terms of anthropometry, ostrich tarsometatarsus bone is more suitable due to its length is 432.56 ± 3.12 mm vs. the highest human bone structures reported, which femur length is 533.66 ± 18.81 mm. Besides, the low radiodensity in the Hounsfield scale exhibits equine trabecular bone more brittle (Av = 1538.4 ± 0.9) than ostrich trabecular bone (Av = 462.1 ± 1.5). EDS showed a slight variation of the element Calcium (Ca) ranging from 20% to 25.5% wt in equine bone; the Ca content variation is consistent with the ring-shaped morphology, while in ostrich bone the chemical composition is homogeneous. The elastic modulus, nanohardness (E = 5.3 ± 0.7 GPa, H = 220 ± 10 MPa) and average roughness (Ra = 207 nm) are similar to the human trabecular bone which could reduce the stress shielding, all of these findings suggest that ostrich bone can be promising for native tissue scaffolds for mechanically demanding applications. This research makes innovative contributions to science and provides a framework, which will allow us to address future biomedical tests, and rapidly identify promising organic and sustainable waste for tissue scaffold.
引导骨再生手术基于在待修复部位移植支架。支架的主要焦点是为新形成的血管和将殖民移植部位的细胞提供机械支持，实现骨再生。在这方面，本研究的目的是表征鸵鸟和马的小梁骨的解剖结构、结构、表面形态学、化学成分和纳米力学性能。鸵鸟和马标本从当地屠宰场获得，通过钝性解剖获得骨，n=5。使用计算机轴向断层扫描（CAT）测量组织骨解剖和小梁结构。原子力显微镜（AFM）和 X 射线能量色散谱（EDS）用于检查鸵鸟和马小梁骨的表面形态和化学成分。纳米压痕用于分析机械性能。马标本作为对照进行检查。CAT 结果表明，就人体测量学而言，鸵鸟跗跖骨由于其长度为 432.56±3.12mm，比报道的最高人类骨结构，即股骨长度 533.66±18.81mm，更为合适。此外，在亨氏标度上的低放射密度表明马小梁骨更脆（Av=1538.4±0.9），而鸵鸟小梁骨（Av=462.1±1.5）。EDS 显示马骨中元素钙（Ca）的含量略有变化，范围在 20%至 25.5%wt；Ca 含量的变化与环形形态一致，而在鸵鸟骨中，化学成分是均匀的。弹性模量、纳米硬度（E=5.3±0.7GPa，H=220±10MPa）和平均粗糙度（Ra=207nm）与人类小梁骨相似，可减少应力屏蔽，所有这些发现表明，鸵鸟骨可为机械要求高的应用的天然组织支架提供有前途的材料。本研究为科学做出了创新性贡献，并提供了一个框架，使我们能够进行未来的生物医学测试，并快速识别有前途的有机和可持续废物用于组织支架。
