Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, Hong Kong.
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
Clin Psychol Rev. 2021 Apr;85:101986. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101986. Epub 2021 Feb 16.
Although self-compassion has been extensively studied in the recent decades, the representation of self-compassion as a unitary measure or the presence of self-warmth (i.e., presence of the positive components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness) and self-coldness (i.e., presence of the negative components: self-judgment, isolation, and mindfulness) remains controversial. Moreover, the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion on mental well-being and psychological distress have not been systematically investigated. To synthesize the differential effects of the six components of self-compassion and to examine how people in different cultures may associate the positive and negative components of self-compassion differentially, the present meta-analysis synthesized 183 effect sizes across 27 cultures. Results showed that the negative components of self-compassion (rs = 0.44 to 0.45) showed greater effect sizes with psychological distress than the positive counterparts (rs = -0.17 to -0.29) whereas the positive components of SCS (rs = 0.29 to.39) showed greater effect sizes with mental well-being than the negative counterparts (rs = -0.29 to -0.36), with the exception of common humanity and isolation (r = 0.29 and - 0.36). Cultural orientation of dialecticism moderated the association between the positive and the negative components of self-compassion, with dialectical cultures showing lower associations between the two opposing components. Findings have implications on the design and implementation of self-compassion interventions cross-culturally.
尽管自我同情在最近几十年得到了广泛的研究，但自我同情作为一个单一的衡量标准的表现，以及自我温暖（即存在积极的成分：自我友善、共同人性和正念）和自我冷漠（即存在消极的成分：自我评判、孤立和正念）的存在仍然存在争议。此外，自我同情的六个成分对心理健康和心理困扰的不同影响尚未得到系统的研究。为了综合自我同情的六个成分的差异效应，并研究不同文化的人如何不同地关联自我同情的积极和消极成分，本元分析综合了 27 个文化中的 183 个效应大小。结果表明，自我同情的消极成分（rs=0.44 至 0.45）与心理困扰的关联比积极成分（rs=-0.17 至-0.29）的效应更大，而 SCS 的积极成分（rs=0.29 至 0.39）与心理困扰的关联比消极成分（rs=-0.29 至-0.36）的效应更大，共同人性和孤立的情况除外（r=0.29 和-0.36）。辩证文化的文化取向调节了自我同情的积极和消极成分之间的关联，辩证文化中这两个对立成分之间的关联较低。这些发现对跨文化自我同情干预措施的设计和实施具有启示意义。
