Al Busaidi Noora, Kp Prakash, Al-Jardani Amina, Al-Sukaiti Nashat, Al Tamemi Salem, Al-Rawahi Bader, Al Hinai Zaid, Alyaquobi Fatma, Al-Abri Seif, Al-Maani Amal
Medical Microbiology Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat 132, Oman.
Directorate General for Diseases Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Feb 13;9(2):150. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9020150.
In this paper, we present a multicentre record-based descriptive study used to estimate the incidence and characterize the spectrum of confirmed bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-related disease among children in Oman. This study included all children (age ≤ 14 years) who had culture and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed BCG disease from January 2006 to December 2018, as identified from Central Public Health Laboratory data and International Classification of Diseases coding of an electronic patient information system. In total, 88 children confirmed to have BCG disease were included in the study, making an average incidence of 9.2 cases per 100,000 vaccinated neonates. The males comprised 65.9%, Omanis 93.2%, and the median age of presentation was 4 months in children with BCG disease. The most common type of disease was BCG abscesses (72.4%). Children with immunodeficiency and those presenting within 6 months were found to have a more severe and disseminated disease. In total, 28 children had immunodeficiency. The age of presentation and type of BCG disease was significantly associated with immunodeficiency status. The majority of cases required therapy (both medical and surgical) and recovered well. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed BCG vaccine-related disease was low in Oman supporting continuing the use of the BCG vaccination practice at birth.
在本文中，我们开展了一项基于记录的多中心描述性研究，用于估计阿曼儿童中确诊的卡介苗（BCG）疫苗相关疾病的发病率并描述其疾病谱。本研究纳入了2006年1月至2018年12月期间所有经培养和/或聚合酶链反应（PCR）确诊患有卡介苗疾病的儿童（年龄≤14岁），这些病例是从中央公共卫生实验室数据以及电子患者信息系统的国际疾病分类编码中识别出来的。本研究共纳入88例确诊患有卡介苗疾病的儿童，卡介苗疫苗接种新生儿的平均发病率为每10万例中有9.2例。男性占65.9%，阿曼人占93.2%，卡介苗疾病患儿的中位发病年龄为4个月。最常见的疾病类型是卡介苗脓肿（72.4%）。发现免疫缺陷儿童以及在6个月内发病的儿童患有更严重和播散性的疾病。共有28名儿童存在免疫缺陷。发病年龄和卡介苗疾病类型与免疫缺陷状态显著相关。大多数病例需要治疗（包括药物和手术治疗）且恢复良好。阿曼实验室确诊的卡介苗疫苗相关疾病发病率较低，这支持继续在出生时实施卡介苗接种。
