Mostafa Kamel Yasser
School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life & Sciences & Medicine, King's College, London SE1 9NH, UK.
ASYS Pharmaceutical Consultants-APC Inc 2, Bedford, NS B4A 4L2, Canada.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Feb 18;13(4):853. doi: 10.3390/cancers13040853.
Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapy targeting CD19 has revolutionised the treatment of advanced acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The ability to specifically target the cancer cells has shown high positive results as reported in the registration studies. The success of CAR-T therapy in the first two indications led to the initiation of a large number of studies testing CAR-T therapy in different haematologic tumours such as acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), Hodgkin's disease (HD), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), multiple myeloma (MM), as well as different solid tumours. Unfortunately, relapses occurred in patients treated with CAR-T therapy, calling for the development of effective subsequent therapies. Likewise, this novel mechanism of action was also accompanied by a different toxicity profile, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Patients' access to the treatment is still limited by its cost. Notwithstanding, this did not prohibit further development of this new therapy to treat other malignancies. This research activity of CAR-T therapy moves it from being used as an end-stage treatment for ALL and DLBCL to a new therapeutic option for a wide range of patients with different haematologic and solid tumours.
靶向CD19的嵌合抗原受体T细胞（CAR-T）疗法彻底改变了晚期急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）和弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）的治疗方式。如注册研究中所报告的，特异性靶向癌细胞的能力已显示出很高的阳性结果。CAR-T疗法在前两个适应症中的成功促使人们开展了大量研究，测试CAR-T疗法在不同血液肿瘤（如急性髓细胞白血病（AML）、霍奇金病（HD）、慢性淋巴细胞白血病（CLL）、多发性骨髓瘤（MM））以及不同实体瘤中的疗效。不幸的是，接受CAR-T疗法治疗的患者出现了复发情况，这就需要开发有效的后续疗法。同样，这种新的作用机制还伴随着不同的毒性特征，如细胞因子释放综合征（CRS）。治疗费用仍然限制着患者获得该治疗的机会。尽管如此，这并未阻止这种新疗法进一步发展以治疗其他恶性肿瘤。CAR-T疗法的这项研究活动使其从仅作为ALL和DLBCL的终末期治疗手段，转变为针对广泛的不同血液肿瘤和实体瘤患者的一种新的治疗选择。
