Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile.
Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 28;18(5):2359. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052359.
There is abundant evidence about the negative impact of discrimination on well-being, but less research on factors that can reduce this negative effect, mainly focused on North American samples and with incipient development on South-South migration. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of ethnic identity on the relationship between the experience of racial and ethnic discrimination and psychological well-being in Colombian immigrants living in Chile. A total of 962 immigrants over the age of 18 from three cities in Chile participated. Of these, 50.7% were women. The average age was 35 years (SD = 10.23). Participants were evaluated using Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales, Phinney's adapted version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Scale, and Krieger's Discrimination Experience Scale. After the analysis of the measurement models, a mediation model was analyzed using structural equations. The results provide evidence that ethnic and racial discrimination have negative effects on psychological well-being, with the effect of racial discrimination being greater. Likewise, ethnic identity has positive effects on psychological well-being and partially and completely mediates the effects of ethnic and racial discrimination on psychological well-being. The full effect of discrimination on psychological well-being, mediated by ethnic identity, is exercised only by racial discrimination and not by ethnic discrimination.
关于歧视对幸福感的负面影响，已有大量证据，但关于可以减少这种负面影响的因素的研究较少，主要集中在北美样本上，且对南南移民的研究刚刚起步。本研究的目的是分析民族认同对哥伦比亚移民在智利生活期间经历的种族和民族歧视与心理健康之间关系的影响。共有来自智利三个城市的 962 名 18 岁以上的移民参与了此项研究。其中，50.7%为女性。平均年龄为 35 岁（SD=10.23）。参与者使用 Ryff 的心理幸福感量表、Phinney 改编的多群体民族认同量表和 Krieger 的歧视经历量表进行评估。在对测量模型进行分析后，使用结构方程分析了中介模型。结果表明，种族和民族歧视对心理健康有负面影响，其中种族歧视的影响更大。同样，民族认同对心理健康有积极影响，并部分和完全中介了种族和民族歧视对心理健康的影响。歧视对心理健康的全部影响，通过民族认同来发挥作用，仅由种族歧视产生，而不是由民族歧视产生。
