Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea.
Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 17;22(4):1979. doi: 10.3390/ijms22041979.
In the present era, infertility is one of the major issues which restricts many couples to have their own children. Infertility is the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for the period of one year or more. Various factors including defective male or female germ cell development, unhealthy and improper lifestyles, diseases like cancer and associated chemo-or-radiation therapies, congenital disorders, etc., may be responsible for infertility. Therefore, it is highly important to understand the basic concepts of germ cell development including primordial germ cell (PGC) formation, specification, migration, entry to genital ridges and their molecular mechanisms, activated pathways, paracrine and autocrine signaling, along with possible alteration which can hamper germ cell development and can cause adversities like cancer progression and infertility. Knowing all these aspects in a proper way can be very much helpful in improving our understanding about gametogenesis and finding possible ways to cure related disorders. Here in this review, various aspects of gametogenesis especially female gametes and relevant factors causing functional impairment have been thoroughly discussed.
在当今时代，不孕是许多夫妇无法拥有自己孩子的主要问题之一。不孕是指在无保护的性行为正常进行一年或更长时间后，无法实现临床妊娠。包括男性或女性生殖细胞发育缺陷、不健康和不适当的生活方式、癌症等疾病以及相关的化疗或放疗、先天性疾病等各种因素都可能导致不孕。因此，了解生殖细胞发育的基本概念，包括原始生殖细胞（PGC）的形成、特化、迁移、进入生殖嵴及其分子机制、激活途径、旁分泌和自分泌信号，以及可能导致生殖细胞发育障碍并导致癌症进展和不孕等不利因素的改变，是非常重要的。正确了解所有这些方面，对于提高我们对配子发生的理解并找到治疗相关疾病的可能方法非常有帮助。在这篇综述中，我们深入讨论了配子发生的各个方面，特别是女性配子及其导致功能障碍的相关因素。
