School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
Molecules. 2021 Feb 22;26(4):1158. doi: 10.3390/molecules26041158.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines are important mediators that regulate the inflammatory response in inflammation-related diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate different New Zealand (NZ)-grown ginseng fractions on the productions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Four NZ-grown ginseng fractions, including total ginseng extract (TGE), non-ginsenoside fraction extract (NGE), high-polar ginsenoside fraction extract (HPG), and less-polar ginsenoside fraction extract (LPG), were prepared and the ginsenoside compositions of extracts were analyzed by HPLC using 19 ginsenoside reference standards. The THP-1 cells were pre-treated with different concentrations of TGE, NGE, HPG, and LPG, and were then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TGE at 400 µg/mL significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 productions. NGE did not show any effects on inflammatory secretion except inhibited IL-6 production at a high dose. Furthermore, LPG displayed a stronger effect than HPG on inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) productions. Particularly, 100 µg/mL LPG not only significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, but also remarkably enhanced the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. NZ-grown ginseng exhibited anti-inflammatory effects , which is mainly attributed to ginsenoside fractions (particularly less-polar ginsenosides) rather than non-saponin fractions.
促炎细胞因子和抗炎细胞因子是调节炎症相关疾病炎症反应的重要介质。本研究旨在评估不同新西兰（NZ）种植人参的不同部位对人单核细胞 THP-1 细胞产生促炎和抗炎细胞因子的影响。本研究制备了总人参提取物（TGE）、非人参皂甙部位提取物（NGE）、高极性人参皂甙部位提取物（HPG）和低极性人参皂甙部位提取物（LPG）等 4 种 NZ 种植人参部位，并采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）结合 19 种人参皂苷标准品对提取物的人参皂苷组成进行了分析。将 THP-1 细胞用不同浓度的 TGE、NGE、HPG 和 LPG 预处理，然后用脂多糖（LPS）刺激。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定促炎细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8））和抗炎细胞因子（白细胞介素-10（IL-10）和转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）的水平。400µg/mL 的 TGE 可显著抑制 LPS 诱导的 TNF-α和 IL-6 产生。NGE 除了在高剂量时抑制 IL-6 产生外，对炎症分泌没有任何影响。此外，LPG 对抑制促炎细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6）的产生作用强于 HPG。特别是，100µg/mL 的 LPG 不仅显著抑制了促炎细胞因子 TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6 的产生，而且还显著增强了抗炎细胞因子 IL-10 的产生。新西兰种植的人参具有抗炎作用，这主要归因于人参皂甙部位（特别是低极性人参皂甙）而不是非皂甙部位。
