Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia.
Bionivid Technology Pte Ltd., 209, 4th Cross Rd, B Channasandra, East of NGEF Layout, Kasturi Nagar, Bengaluru 560043, Karnataka, India.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 22;22(4):2183. doi: 10.3390/ijms22042183.
Proper management of agricultural disease is important to ensure sustainable food security. Staple food crops like rice, wheat, cereals, and other cash crops hold great export value for countries. Ensuring proper supply is critical; hence any biotic or abiotic factors contributing to the shortfall in yield of these crops should be alleviated. is a major biotic factor that results in yield losses in many agriculturally important crops. This paper focuses on genome informatics of our Malaysian Draft AG1-IA, and the comparative genomics (inter- and intra- AG) with four AGs including China AG1-IA (AG1-IA_KB317705.1), AG1-IB, AG3, and AG8. The genomic content of repeat elements, transposable elements (TEs), syntenic genomic blocks, functions of protein-coding genes as well as core orthologous genic information that underlies 's pathogenicity strategy were investigated. Our analyses show that all studied AGs have low content and varying profiles of TEs. All AGs were dominant for Class I TE, much like other basidiomycete pathogens. All AGs demonstrate dominance in Glycoside Hydrolase protein-coding gene assignments suggesting its importance in infiltration and infection of host. Our profiling also provides a basis for further investigation on lack of correlation observed between number of pathogenicity and enzyme-related genes with host range. Despite being grouped within the same AG with China AG1-IA, our Draft AG1-IA exhibits differences in terms of protein-coding gene proportions and classifications. This implies that strains from similar AG do not necessarily have to retain similar proportions and classification of TE but must have the necessary arsenal to enable successful infiltration and colonization of host. In a larger perspective, all the studied AGs essentially share core genes that are generally involved in adhesion, penetration, and host colonization. However, the different infiltration strategies will depend on the level of host resilience where this is clearly exhibited by the gene sets encoded for the process of infiltration, infection, and protection from host.
妥善管理农业病害对于确保粮食安全至关重要。水稻、小麦、谷物等主食作物和其他经济作物对各国都具有巨大的出口价值。确保供应充足至关重要;因此,任何导致这些作物减产的生物或非生物因素都应予以缓解。是导致许多重要农作物减产的主要生物因素。本文重点研究了马来西亚草案 AG1-IA 的基因组信息学,以及与包括中国 AG1-IA(AG1-IA_KB317705.1)、AG1-IB、AG3 和 AG8 在内的四个 AG 进行的比较基因组学(种内和种间)。研究了重复元件、转座元件(TEs)、共线性基因组块、蛋白质编码基因的功能以及作为致病性策略基础的核心直系基因信息的基因组含量。我们的分析表明,所有研究的 AG 都具有低含量和不同的 TEs 特征。所有 AG 都以 I 类 TE 为主,与其他担子菌病原体相似。所有 AG 在糖苷水解酶编码基因分配上均占优势,表明其在宿主渗透和感染中的重要性。我们的分析还为进一步研究观察到的致病性和与酶相关基因数量与宿主范围之间缺乏相关性提供了依据。尽管与中国 AG1-IA 归属于同一 AG,但我们的草案 AG1-IA 在蛋白质编码基因比例和分类方面存在差异。这意味着来自相似 AG 的菌株不一定必须保留相似的 TE 比例和分类,但必须拥有必要的武器库,以实现对宿主的成功渗透和定植。从更大的角度来看,所有研究的 AG 本质上都共享核心基因,这些基因通常参与粘附、穿透和宿主定植。然而,不同的渗透策略将取决于宿主的恢复能力,这在渗透、感染和宿主保护过程中编码的基因集上表现得很明显。