Ayuso Pedro, García-Martín Elena, Agúndez José A G
Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, University of Extremadura, ARADyAL Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Feb 15;10(2):294. doi: 10.3390/antiox10020294.
Adverse drug reactions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Of the great diversity of drugs involved in hypersensitivity drug reactions, the most frequent are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs followed by β-lactam antibiotics. The redox status regulates the level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS interplay and modulate the action of diverse biomolecules, such as inflammatory mediators and drugs. In this review, we address the role of the redox status in the initiation, as well as in the resolution of inflammatory processes involved in drug hypersensitivity reactions. We summarize the association findings between drug hypersensitivity reactions and variants in the genes that encode the enzymes related to the redox system such as enzymes related to glutathione: Glutathione S-transferase ( and glutathione peroxidase ), thioredoxin reductase ( and ), superoxide dismutase (, and ), catalase (), aldo-keto reductase (), and the peroxiredoxin system (). Based on current evidence, the most relevant candidate redox genes related to hypersensitivity drug reactions are and . Increasing the understanding of pharmacogenetics in drug hypersensitivity reactions will contribute to the development of early diagnostic or prognosis tools, and will help to diminish the occurrence and/or the severity of these reactions.
药物不良反应是发病和死亡的主要原因。在涉及药物过敏反应的众多药物中，最常见的是非甾体抗炎药，其次是β-内酰胺抗生素。氧化还原状态调节活性氧和氮物种（RONS）的水平。RONS相互作用并调节多种生物分子的作用，如炎症介质和药物。在本综述中，我们阐述了氧化还原状态在药物过敏反应所涉及的炎症过程的起始以及消退中的作用。我们总结了药物过敏反应与编码与氧化还原系统相关酶的基因变异之间的关联研究结果，这些酶如与谷胱甘肽相关的酶：谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶）、硫氧还蛋白还原酶（和）、超氧化物歧化酶（、和）、过氧化氢酶（）、醛糖酮还原酶（）以及过氧化物酶系统（）。基于目前的证据，与药物过敏反应最相关的候选氧化还原基因是和。增进对药物过敏反应中药物遗传学的理解将有助于开发早期诊断或预后工具，并有助于减少这些反应的发生和/或严重程度。
