Abbas Adel T, Anwar Saqib, Abdelnasser Elshaimaa, Luqman Monis, Qudeiri Jaber E Abu, Elkaseer Ahmed
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Feb 14;14(4):903. doi: 10.3390/ma14040903.
In this paper, an experimental investigation into the machinability of AISI 316 alloy during finishing end milling operation under different cooling conditions and with varying process parameters is presented. Three environmental-friendly cooling strategies were utilized, namely, dry, minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) and MQL with nanoparticles (AlO), and the variable process parameters were cutting speed and feed rate. Power consumption and surface quality were utilized as the machining responses to characterize the process performance. Surface quality was examined by evaluating the final surface roughness and surface integrity of the machined surface. The results revealed a reduction in power consumption when MQL and MQL + AlO strategies were applied compared to the dry case by averages of 4.7% and 8.6%, respectively. Besides, a considerable reduction in the surface roughness was noticed with average values of 40% and 44% for MQL and MQL + AlO strategies, respectively, when compared to the dry condition. At the same time, the reduction in generated surface roughness obtained by using MQL + AlO condition was marginal (5.9%) compared with using MQL condition. Moreover, the results showed that the improvement obtained in the surface quality when using MQL and MQL + AlO coolants increased at higher cutting speed and feed rate, and thus, higher productivity can be achieved without deteriorating final surface quality, compared to dry conditions. From scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, debris, furrows, plastic deformation irregular friction marks, and bores were found in the surface texture when machining under dry conditions. A slight smoother surface with a nano-polishing effect was found in the case of MQL + AlO compared to the MQL and dry cooling strategies. This proves the effectiveness of lubricant with nanoparticles in reducing the friction and thermal damages on the machined surface as the friction marks were still observed when machining with MQL comparable with the case of MQL + AlO.
本文介绍了在不同冷却条件下，对AISI 316合金进行精密切削铣削加工时，其可加工性与变化的工艺参数之间的实验研究。采用了三种环保冷却策略，即干式、微量润滑（MQL）和含纳米颗粒（AlO）的MQL，而变化的工艺参数为切削速度和进给速度。以功耗和表面质量作为加工响应来表征加工性能。通过评估加工表面的最终表面粗糙度和表面完整性来检测表面质量。结果表明，与干式加工相比，采用MQL和MQL + AlO策略时，功耗分别平均降低了4.7%和8.6%。此外，与干式加工条件相比，MQL和MQL + AlO策略的表面粗糙度显著降低，平均值分别为40%和44%。同时，与使用MQL条件相比，使用MQL + AlO条件下产生的表面粗糙度降低幅度较小（5.9%）。此外，结果表明，与干式加工条件相比，使用MQL和MQL + AlO冷却剂时，在较高的切削速度和进给速度下，表面质量得到改善，因此可以在不降低最终表面质量的情况下实现更高的生产率。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析发现，在干式加工条件下，加工表面纹理中存在碎屑、沟槽、塑性变形不规则摩擦痕迹和孔洞。与MQL和干式冷却策略相比，MQL + AlO情况下的表面略显光滑，具有纳米抛光效果。这证明了含纳米颗粒的润滑剂在减少加工表面摩擦和热损伤方面的有效性，因为在使用MQL加工时仍观察到摩擦痕迹，与MQL + AlO的情况相当。
