33638 Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
82246 Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), International Health Department, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Public Health Rep. 2021 Nov-Dec;136(6):795-804. doi: 10.1177/0033354920976565. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
A key goal of schools and programs of public health is to prepare graduates for careers in the public health workforce after graduation, but are they achieving this goal? We assessed how the employment outcomes of students earning public health degrees are collected and described in the literature.
Using the Kirkpatrick model of training evaluation as a framework, we conducted a 6-step scoping review: (1) formulating the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting studies, (4) charting the data, (5) collating and summarizing the results, and (6) consulting stakeholders. We included articles published from January 1, 1993, through July 4, 2020, that provided data on employment status, employment sector/industry, job function, or salary of public health graduates. We excluded articles that were not written in English and were about dual-degree (ie, doctor of medicine-master of public health) students. We found and reviewed 630 articles.
We found 33 relevant articles. Most articles focused on a single school and combined multiple graduating classes, focused on subspecializations of public health, or focused on graduates' satisfaction with their curriculum but not employment outcomes. Data were inconsistently categorized, and studies were difficult to compare.
Research on public health graduates' employment outcomes is scarce and does not follow consistent protocols. New standards should be adopted to systematize the collection of data on employment outcomes of public health graduates.
公共卫生学校和项目的一个主要目标是为毕业生在毕业后从事公共卫生劳动力队伍的职业做好准备，但它们是否实现了这一目标？我们评估了公共卫生学位学生的就业结果是如何在文献中收集和描述的。
我们使用培训评估的 Kirkpatrick 模型作为框架，进行了 6 步范围审查：（1）制定研究问题，（2）确定相关研究，（3）选择研究，（4）绘制数据，（5）整理和总结结果，以及（6）咨询利益相关者。我们纳入了 1993 年 1 月 1 日至 2020 年 7 月 4 日发表的文章，这些文章提供了公共卫生毕业生的就业状况、就业部门/行业、工作职能或薪酬的数据。我们排除了不是用英文写的和关于双学位（即医学博士-公共卫生硕士）学生的文章。我们发现并审查了 630 篇文章。
我们发现了 33 篇相关文章。大多数文章都集中在一所学校，并结合了多个毕业班，关注公共卫生的亚专业，或关注毕业生对课程的满意度，但不关注就业结果。数据分类不一致，研究也难以比较。
关于公共卫生毕业生就业结果的研究很少，也没有遵循一致的方案。应采用新标准，系统地收集公共卫生毕业生就业结果的数据。
