Department of Child Psychiatry, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
Department of Child Psychiatry, Cizre State Hospital, Sirnak, Turkey.
Hum Psychopharmacol. 2021 Sep;36(5):e2781. doi: 10.1002/hup.2781. Epub 2021 Mar 6.
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have become increasingly popular in recent years, especially among adolescents. The first aim of the current study was to examine resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in SC users compared to controls. Our second aim was to examine the influence of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomatology on rsFC changes in SC users compared to controls.
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analysis included 25 SC users (14 without ADHD and 11 with ADHD combined type) and 12 control subjects.
We found (i) higher rsFC between the default mode network (DMN) and salience network, dorsal attention network and cingulo-opercular network, and (ii) lower rsFC within the DMN and between the DMN and visual network in SC users compared to controls. There were no significant differences between SC users with ADHD and controls, nor were there any significant differences between SC users with and without ADHD.
We found the first evidence of abnormalities within and between resting state networks in adolescent SC users without ADHD. In contrast, SC users with ADHD showed no differences compared to controls. These results suggest that comorbidity of ADHD and substance dependence may show different rsFC alterations than substance use alone.
近年来，合成大麻素（SCs）越来越受欢迎，尤其是在青少年中。本研究的首要目的是比较 SC 使用者和对照组的静息态功能连接（rsFC）。我们的第二个目的是检验共病注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）症状对 SC 使用者和对照组 rsFC 变化的影响。
静息态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）分析包括 25 名 SC 使用者（14 名无 ADHD 和 11 名 ADHD 混合型）和 12 名对照者。
我们发现（i）与对照组相比，SC 使用者的默认模式网络（DMN）与突显网络、背侧注意网络和扣带回-脑岛网络之间的 rsFC 更高，（ii）SC 使用者的 DMN 内和 DMN 与视觉网络之间的 rsFC 更低。ADHD 组和对照组之间、ADHD 组和非 ADHD 组之间均无显著差异。
我们首次发现青少年无 ADHD 的 SC 使用者的静息态网络内和网络间存在异常。相比之下，ADHD 组与对照组无差异。这些结果表明，ADHD 共病和物质依赖可能与单纯物质使用相比表现出不同的 rsFC 改变。
