Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci. 2022 Dec;22(6):1432-1446. doi: 10.3758/s13415-022-01017-9. Epub 2022 Jun 8.
The transition from childhood to adolescence involves important neural function, cognition, and behavior changes. However, the links between maturing brain function and sustained attention over this period could be better understood. This study examined typical changes in network functional connectivity over childhood to adolescence, developmental differences in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and how functional connectivity might underpin variability in sustained attention development in a longitudinal sample. A total of 398 resting state scans were collected from 173 children and adolescents (88 ADHD, 85 control) at up to three timepoints across ages 9-14 years. The effects of age, sex, and diagnostic group on changes in network functional connectivity were assessed, followed by relationships between functional connectivity and sustained attention development using linear mixed effects modelling. The ADHD group displayed greater decreases in functional connectivity between salience and visual networks compared with controls. Lower childhood functional connectivity between the frontoparietal and several brain networks was associated with more rapid sustained attention development, whereas frontoparietal to dorsal attention network connectivity related to attention trajectories in children with ADHD alone. Brain network segregation may increase into adolescence as predicted by key developmental theories; however, participants with ADHD demonstrated altered developmental trajectories between salience and visual networks. The segregation of the frontoparietal network from other brain networks may be a mechanism supporting sustained attention development. Frontoparietal to dorsal attention connectivity can be a focus for further work in ADHD.
从儿童期到青春期的转变涉及重要的神经功能、认知和行为变化。然而，在此期间，大脑功能成熟与持续注意力之间的联系可以得到更好的理解。本研究考察了儿童期到青春期网络功能连接的典型变化、注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的发育差异，以及功能连接如何在纵向样本中支撑持续注意力发展的可变性。从 9 岁到 14 岁，共从 173 名儿童和青少年（88 名 ADHD，85 名对照组）中收集了 398 次静息状态扫描。评估了年龄、性别和诊断组对网络功能连接变化的影响，然后使用线性混合效应模型研究功能连接与持续注意力发展之间的关系。与对照组相比，ADHD 组在显着性和视觉网络之间的功能连接上显示出更大的下降。较低的儿童期额顶叶与多个脑网络之间的功能连接与更快的持续注意力发展相关，而额顶叶与背侧注意力网络的连接与 ADHD 儿童的注意力轨迹相关。正如关键发展理论所预测的那样，大脑网络分离可能会在青春期增加；然而，ADHD 参与者在显着性和视觉网络之间表现出改变的发育轨迹。额顶叶网络与其他脑网络的分离可能是支持持续注意力发展的一种机制。额顶叶与背侧注意力的连接可以成为 ADHD 进一步研究的重点。
