Is bib count an accurate quantitative measure of drooling?

BACKGROUND

Bib count is a frequently used measure amongst pediatric otolaryngologists to quantify drooling status. The plethora of bibs used, including important differences in material, size, and shape, makes one question the validity of bib count as an accurate surrogate measure of drooling frequency or severity. To date, no study has addressed this question in the literature. We evaluated the correlation between drooling frequency, drooling severity, and number of bibs changed to better guide clinical practice in saliva management in a large pediatric patient population.

METHODS

This was a retrospective cohort study comprising 414 pediatric patients from 2014 to 2019. Patients were included if there was presence of drooling and completed the Daniel Drooling Impact Score Questionnaire. The primary outcome was the severity of drooling, frequency of drooling, and number of bibs changed. Age, sex, feeding type and diagnosis were also data points collected. Pearson's coefficient of correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze association between variables.

RESULTS

Bib count, frequency of drooling, and severity of drooling were all positively correlated. The strongest positive correlation was between drooling frequency and drooling severity (r = 0.659; p < 0.01), followed by bib count and drooling severity (r = 0.541; p < 0.01), then bib count and drooling frequency (r = 0.416; p < 0.01). In multivariate regression analysis, only bib count was a statistically significant positive predictor of drooling severity (β=1.14, p < 0.01). Feeding type and underlying diagnosis also influenced bib count.

CONCLUSIONS

The number of bibs changed per day is an accurate predictor of sialorrhea that correlates positively with drooling severity and frequency despite the variability and lack of standardization in bibs. Consistent definitions of what constitutes a bib and its characteristics should be collected during drooling evaluation.