BCNatal | Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
BCNatal | Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,
Dev Neurosci. 2020;42(5-6):217-229. doi: 10.1159/000512948. Epub 2021 Mar 5.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with abnormal neurodevelopment, but the associated structural brain changes are poorly documented. The aim of this study was to describe in an animal model the brain changes at the cellular level in the gray and white matter induced by IUGR during the neonatal period.
The IUGR model was surgically induced in pregnant rabbits by ligating 40-50% of the uteroplacental vessels in 1 horn, whereas the uteroplacental vessels of the contralateral horn were not ligated. After 5 days, IUGR animals from the ligated horn and controls from the nonligated were delivered. On the day of delivery, perinatal data and placentas were collected. On postnatal day 1, functional changes were first evaluated, and thereafter, neuronal arborization in the frontal cortex and density of pre-oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia in the corpus callosum were evaluated.
Higher stillbirth in IUGR fetuses together with a reduced birth weight as compared to controls was evidenced. IUGR animals showed poorer functional results, an altered neuronal arborization pattern, and a decrease in the pre-oligodendrocytes, with no differences in microglia and astrocyte densities.
Overall, in the rabbit model used, IUGR is related to functional and brain changes evidenced already at birth, including changes in the neuronal arborization and abnormal oligodendrocyte maturation.
宫内生长受限（IUGR）与神经发育异常有关，但相关的结构性脑变化记录甚少。本研究旨在描述在新生期宫内生长受限导致的动物模型中，灰质和白质的细胞水平的脑变化。
通过结扎一侧子宫胎盘血管的 40-50%，在妊娠兔中诱导宫内生长受限模型，而对侧子宫胎盘血管未结扎。5 天后，结扎侧的宫内生长受限动物和未结扎侧的对照组动物分娩。分娩当天，收集围产期数据和胎盘。在出生后第 1 天，首先评估功能变化，然后评估额皮质的神经元树突分支和胼胝体的少突胶质前体细胞、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞密度。
与对照组相比，宫内生长受限胎儿的死产率更高，出生体重更低。宫内生长受限动物的功能结果更差，神经元树突分支模式改变，少突胶质前体细胞减少，而小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞密度无差异。
总的来说，在使用的兔模型中，宫内生长受限与出生时就已经存在的功能和大脑变化有关，包括神经元树突分支改变和异常的少突胶质细胞成熟。
