Widespread resistance to macrocyclic lactones in cattle nematodes in Ecuador.

The aim of the present study was to assess the resistance status of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) against ivermectin (IVM) and fenbendazole (FBZ) in Ecuador. The study involved five cattle farms located in different topographic zones of the country. Anthelmintic efficacy was assessed by calculating the percentage of fecal egg counts reduction (FECR) after treatment. Additionally, DNA from pooled larval cultures was screened to ascertain benzimidazole resistance alleles. For animals treated with IVM, FECR percentages ranged from 0 to 68%, indicating the presence of highly resistant worms. The opposite was found for animals treated with FBZ, where FECR percentages were above 90% on all the farms tested. Pooled coprocultures revealed that Cooperia spp. were the predominant species pre and post-treatment although minor proportions of Haemonchus spp. and Ostertagia spp. were also identified. No mutations conferring resistance to benzimidazoles were identified in the beta-tubulin isotype 1 gene of the isolated Cooperia spp. worms, which is in line with the results of the FECR performed with FBZ. Overall, the present study highlights widespread resistance of bovine GINs to IVM but no to FBZ in Ecuador.