Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
Front Immunol. 2021 Feb 17;12:633534. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633534. eCollection 2021.
A 56-year-old male was diagnosed with right lung upper lobe squamous cancer with right hilar and mediastinum lymph node metastasis. After four cycles of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, reexamination by computed tomography showed progressive disease of the primary lesion. Then, the patient underwent a right lung upper lobectomy, and hilar and mediastinum lymph node dissection. Surgical pathology showed a partial response to immunochemotherapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing was used to characterize the infiltrating immune cell atlas after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy; the most common infiltrating immune cell types were cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and macrophages. Imaging mass cytometry revealed a transformation from cold to hot tumor after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy. In this case study, we are the first to report a case of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy pseudoprogression, proved by surgical pathology, single-cell RNA sequencing, and imaging mass cytometry. Both single-cell RNA sequencing and imaging mass cytometry revealed an activated immune microenvironment after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.
一位 56 岁男性被诊断为右肺上叶鳞状癌伴右肺门和纵隔淋巴结转移。新辅助免疫化疗 4 周期后，复查 CT 显示原发病灶进展。随后，患者接受了右肺上叶切除术、肺门和纵隔淋巴结清扫术。手术病理显示对免疫化疗有部分反应。单细胞 RNA 测序用于描述新辅助免疫化疗后浸润免疫细胞图谱；最常见的浸润免疫细胞类型是细胞毒性 CD8+T 细胞、单核细胞衍生的树突状细胞和巨噬细胞。成像质谱细胞术显示新辅助免疫化疗后肿瘤由冷变热。在本病例研究中，我们首次报道了一例经手术病理、单细胞 RNA 测序和成像质谱细胞术证实的新辅助免疫化疗假性进展。单细胞 RNA 测序和成像质谱细胞术均显示新辅助免疫化疗后激活的免疫微环境。
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