Arroyo Portilla Cynthia, Tomas Julie, Gorvel Jean-Pierre, Lelouard Hugues
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.
Departamento de Análisis Clínicos, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Feb 18;8:624213. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.624213. eCollection 2020.
Initially intended for nutrient uptake, phagocytosis represents a central mechanism of debris removal and host defense against invading pathogens through the entire animal kingdom. In vertebrates and also many invertebrates, macrophages (MFs) and MF-like cells (e.g., coelomocytes and hemocytes) are professional phagocytic cells that seed tissues to maintain homeostasis through pathogen killing, efferocytosis and tissue shaping, repair, and remodeling. Some MF functions are common to all species and tissues, whereas others are specific to their homing tissue. Indeed, shaped by their microenvironment, MFs become adapted to perform particular functions, highlighting their great plasticity and giving rise to high population diversity. Interestingly, the gut displays several anatomic and functional compartments with large pools of strikingly diversified MF populations. This review focuses on recent advances on intestinal MFs in several species, which have allowed to infer their specificity and functions.
吞噬作用最初是用于营养摄取，而后在整个动物界中成为清除碎片和宿主抵御入侵病原体的核心机制。在脊椎动物以及许多无脊椎动物中，巨噬细胞（MFs）和类巨噬细胞（如体腔细胞和血细胞）是专职吞噬细胞，它们定植于组织中，通过杀灭病原体、胞葬作用以及组织塑形、修复和重塑来维持体内平衡。某些巨噬细胞功能在所有物种和组织中都很常见，而其他功能则特定于其归巢组织。实际上，巨噬细胞受其微环境影响，会适应执行特定功能，这突出了它们的高度可塑性并导致了高群体多样性。有趣的是，肠道具有几个解剖和功能区室，其中有大量显著多样化的巨噬细胞群体。本综述重点关注几种物种中肠道巨噬细胞的最新进展，这些进展有助于推断它们的特异性和功能。
