Maheshwari Akhil
Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America.
Newborn (Clarksville). 2022 Oct-Dec;1(4):340-355. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0044. Epub 2022 Dec 23.
Macrophages are large highly motile phagocytic leukocytes that appear early during embryonic development and have been conserved during evolution. The developmental roles of macrophages were first described nearly a century ago, at about the time these cells were being identified as central effectors in phagocytosis and elimination of microbes. Since then, we have made considerable progress in understanding the development of various subsets of macrophages and the diverse roles these cells play in both physiology and disease. This article reviews the phylogeny and the ontogeny of macrophages with a particular focus on the gastrointestinal tract, and the role of these mucosal macrophages in immune surveillance, innate immunity, homeostasis, tissue remodeling, angiogenesis, and repair of damaged tissues. We also discuss the importance of these macrophages in the inflammatory changes in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This article presents a combination of our own peer-reviewed clinical and preclinical studies, with an extensive review of the literature using the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus.
巨噬细胞是大型的、高度可移动的吞噬性白细胞，在胚胎发育早期出现，并且在进化过程中得以保留。巨噬细胞的发育作用最早是在近一个世纪前被描述的，大约在这些细胞被确定为吞噬作用和消除微生物的核心效应器的时候。从那时起，我们在理解巨噬细胞各个亚群的发育以及这些细胞在生理和疾病中所起的不同作用方面取得了相当大的进展。本文回顾了巨噬细胞的系统发育和个体发育，特别关注胃肠道，以及这些黏膜巨噬细胞在免疫监视、先天免疫、内环境稳定、组织重塑、血管生成和受损组织修复中的作用。我们还讨论了这些巨噬细胞在新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）炎症变化中的重要性，并结合了我们自己经过同行评审的临床和临床前研究，同时使用PubMed、EMBASE和Scopus数据库对文献进行了广泛综述。
