Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA, CONICET-UNNOBA-UNSADA), Monteagudo 2772 CP 2700, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Unidad Integrada Balcarce [Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata -Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA INTA Balcarce], Ruta 226 km 73.5 CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina.
J Exp Bot. 2021 May 18;72(11):3987-4004. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erab080.
Fruiting efficiency (FE, grains per g of spike dry weight at anthesis) was proposed as a promising spike trait to improve wheat yield potential, based on its functional relationship with grain number determination and the evidence of trait variability in elite germplasm. During the last few years, we have witnessed great advances in the understanding of the physiological and genetic basis of this trait. The present review summarizes the recent heritability estimations and the genetic gains obtained when fruiting efficiency was measured at maturity (FEm, grains per g of chaff) and used as selection criterion. In addition, we propose spike ideotypes for contrasting fruiting efficiencies based on the fertile floret efficiency (FFE, fertile florets per g of spike dry weight at anthesis) and grain set (grains per fertile floret), together with other spike fertility-related traits. We also review novel genes and quantitative trait loci available for using marker-assisted selection for fruiting efficiency and other spike fertility traits. The possible trade-off between FE and grain weight and the genes reported to alter this relation are also considered. Finally, we discuss the benefits and future steps towards the use of fruiting efficiency as a selection criterion in breeding programs.
结实效率（FE，开花期每克穗干重的粒数）被提出是提高小麦产量潜力的一个很有前途的穗部性状，这基于其与粒数决定的功能关系，以及在优良种质中存在该性状变异的证据。在过去的几年中，我们见证了对该性状的生理和遗传基础的理解取得了重大进展。本综述总结了最近对结实效率的遗传力估计和遗传增益的研究，这些研究是在成熟时测量（FEm，每克壳的粒数）并用作选择标准时获得的。此外，我们基于有效小花效率（FFE，开花期每克穗干重的有效小花数）和结实（每有效小花的粒数）以及其他与穗部结实性相关的性状，提出了具有不同结实效率的穗部理想型。我们还综述了可用于利用标记辅助选择进行结实效率和其他穗部结实性性状选择的新基因和数量性状位点。还考虑了 FE 与粒重之间可能存在的权衡以及报道的改变这种关系的基因。最后，我们讨论了将结实效率用作育种计划选择标准的好处和未来步骤。
