Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515002, India.
Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER), Anantapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, 515002, India.
AAPS PharmSciTech. 2021 Mar 8;22(3):92. doi: 10.1208/s12249-021-01968-1.
Venetoclax (VX) used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia possesses low oral bioavailability (5.4%) and undergoes first-pass metabolism. Development of a formulation to overcome its bioavailability problem can be done by using nanocrystals which has many scientific applications. Nanocrystals of VX were formulated using amalgamation of precipitation and high-pressure homogenization method, in which polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected as stabilizer. Process parameters like concentration of stabilizer, homogenization pressure, number of homogenization cycle, and concentration of lyoprotectant were optimized to obtain the desired particle size for the preparation of nanocrystal formulation. HPLC methods were developed and validated in-house for determination of in vitro dissolution data and in vivo bioavailability data. Physicochemical characterization was done to determine the particle size (zeta sizer), crystalline nature (DSC and XRPD), solubility (shaker bath), and dissolution (USP type 2 apparatus). Lyophilized VX nanocrystals of size less than 350 nm showed substantial increase in saturation solubility (20 folds) and dissolution in comparison with free VX. In vitro release study revealed that 100% dissolution was achieved in 120 min as compared to VX free base which is having less than 43.5% dissolution in 120 min. Formulations of VX remain stable for 6 months under accelerated stability conditions. In vivo pharmacokinetic data in male Sprague-Dawley rats showed (2.02 folds) significant increase in oral bioavailability of VX formulation as compared to free drug because of rapid dissolution and absorption which makes the nanocrystal formulation a better approach for oral administration of poorly soluble drugs.
维奈托克(VX)用于治疗慢性淋巴细胞白血病,其口服生物利用度(5.4%)较低,并经历首过代谢。通过使用纳米晶体来开发克服其生物利用度问题的制剂,可以进行许多科学应用。使用沉淀和高压匀化法联合制备 VX 纳米晶体,其中选择聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为稳定剂。优化了工艺参数,如稳定剂浓度、匀化压力、匀化循环次数和冷冻保护剂浓度,以获得所需的粒径,用于制备纳米晶体制剂。开发并验证了 HPLC 方法,用于测定体外溶出数据和体内生物利用度数据。进行了物理化学特性表征,以确定粒径(zeta 粒度仪)、结晶特性(DSC 和 XRPD)、溶解度(摇床浴)和溶解(USP 第 2 类仪器)。粒径小于 350nm 的冻干 VX 纳米晶体显示出显著增加的饱和溶解度(20 倍)和溶解度,与游离 VX 相比。体外释放研究表明,与游离 VX 相比,在 120 分钟内达到 100%的溶解度,而游离 VX 在 120 分钟内的溶解度小于 43.5%。在加速稳定性条件下,VX 制剂稳定 6 个月。雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠的体内药代动力学数据显示,与游离药物相比,VX 制剂的口服生物利用度显著增加(2.02 倍),这是由于快速溶解和吸收,使纳米晶体制剂成为改善难溶性药物口服给药的更好方法。
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