Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Department of Radiology, Nurturing Center of Jiangsu Province for State Laboratory of AI Imaging & Interventional Radiology (Southeast University), Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Sep 25;19:9889-9919. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S482329. eCollection 2024.
With the in-depth knowledge of the pathological and physiological characteristics of the intestinal barrier-portal vein/intestinal lymphatic vessels-systemic circulation axis, oral targeted drug delivery is frequently being renewed. With many advantages, such as high safety, convenient administration, and good patient compliance, many researchers have begun to explore targeted drug delivery from intravenous injections to oral administration. Over the past few decades, the fields of materials science and nanomedicine have produced various drug delivery platforms that hold great potential in overcoming the multiple barriers associated with oral drug delivery. However, the oral transport of particles into the systemic circulation is extremely difficult due to immune rejection and biochemical invasion in the intestine, which limits absorption and entry into the bloodstream. The feasibility of the oral delivery of targeted drugs to sites outside the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is unknown. This article reviews the biological barriers to drug absorption, the in vivo fate and transport mechanisms of drug carriers, the theoretical basis for oral administration, and the impact of carrier structural evolution on oral administration to achieve this goal. Finally, this article reviews the characteristics of different nano-delivery systems that can enhance the bioavailability of oral therapeutics and highlights their applications in the efficient creation of oral anticancer nanomedicines.
随着对肠屏障-门静脉/肠淋巴系统-体循环轴的病理生理学特征的深入了解，口服靶向药物传递经常得到更新。口服靶向药物传递具有安全性高、给药方便、患者顺应性好等优点，许多研究人员已开始探索将靶向药物从静脉注射转变为口服给药。在过去的几十年中，材料科学和纳米医学领域产生了各种药物传递平台，这些平台在克服口服药物传递所面临的多种障碍方面具有巨大潜力。然而，由于肠道中的免疫排斥和生化侵袭，颗粒进入体循环的口服输送极其困难，限制了吸收和进入血液。靶向药物口服递送到胃肠道（GIT）以外部位的可行性尚不清楚。本文综述了药物吸收的生物学屏障、药物载体的体内命运和转运机制、口服给药的理论基础以及载体结构演化对实现这一目标的影响。最后，本文综述了不同纳米递药系统的特点，这些系统可以提高口服治疗药物的生物利用度，并强调了它们在高效制备口服抗癌纳米药物中的应用。
