The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy, and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Health Econ. 2021 May;30(5):1070-1081. doi: 10.1002/hec.4248. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Growth in pharmaceutical prices is a major policy issue in the United States. Competition is encouraged to counteract such growth, yet less is known about the effect of brand competition on prices. We discover a unique feature of this market by studying the pricing strategies of incumbent drug manufacturers under tiered-insurance anticipating branded competition. Using the insulin market as a natural experiment, we exploit exogenous variation in several potential entrants' completion of clinical trials to identify the effect of drug pipeline pressure on the prices of incumbent drugs. We find that pipeline pressure exerts cumulative and significant upward pressure on prices of incumbent drugs. In the insulin market such pressure explained 10.5% of the growth of prices. We were able to replicate these findings among incumbents with other emerging biosimilars. Insurance designs that fail to promote price competition through negotiations and value-based principles may contribute to such price increases.
药品价格上涨是美国的一个主要政策问题。为了遏制这种增长,鼓励竞争,但对于品牌竞争对价格的影响知之甚少。通过研究在分层保险预期品牌竞争下在位制药商的定价策略,我们发现了这个市场的一个独特特征。我们利用胰岛素市场作为自然实验,利用几个潜在进入者完成临床试验的外生变化来确定药物管道压力对在位药物价格的影响。我们发现,管道压力对在位药物价格施加了累积和显著的上行压力。在胰岛素市场,这种压力导致价格上涨了 10.5%。我们在其他新兴生物类似物的在位者中也发现了这些结果。未能通过谈判和基于价值的原则促进价格竞争的保险设计可能导致这种价格上涨。