Instituto de Pesquisas Hidráulicas, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Brazil.
Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Bogotá, 111411, Colombia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Mar 8;193(4):170. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-08895-5.
Subtropical coastal shallow lakes (SCSL) are sensitive ecosystems. The lake-skin-water temperature (LSWT) is an average lake temperature proxy and responds to changes in surroundings, affecting biological and physical lake processes. In this study, M*D11A1 products are used to develop daytime and nighttime LSWT time series for 20 SCSL in South America. The influence of climatic (air temperature, surface net solar radiation, wind speed, and wind direction) and non-climatic (latitude, lake area, perimeter, width, length, and morphology) factors are evaluated from 2001 to 2017. Pearson's coefficients (ρ) and auto- and cross-correlations are used to establish the relation between LWST and the selected factors. We identify that the dynamic of LSWT is sensitive to geomorphological factors (latitude and lake width) throughout the year, especially in summer. In winter, the LSTW regime is mainly affected by wind direction (ρ = -0.66, p value < 0.01). Linear models are fitted to the temperature series to check the trend changes in the inflection points and the warming or cooling trend for LSWT. Considering the complete series, the maximum warming rate of LSWT is 0.25 °C per decade (°C/dec). The analysis of the identified sub-periods reveals that warming and cooling can occur (significantly) in shorter periods. The average trends within sub-periods for skin temperature-daytime (± 0.0105 °C/dec), skin temperature-nighttime (0.0041 °C/dec), and air temperature (- s0.006 °C/dec; 0.007 °C/dec) are estimated. Our approach has the potential to be applied in future studies due to the expansion of knowledge about the behavior of SCSL and the understanding of the current and potential effects of climate change in association with physical and geomorphological traits.
亚热带沿海浅水湖泊（SCSL）是敏感的生态系统。湖表水温（LSWT）是平均湖温的代表，它对周围环境的变化作出响应，影响着湖泊的生物和物理过程。在这项研究中，使用 M*D11A1 产品为南美洲的 20 个 SCSL 开发了白天和夜间的 LSWT 时间序列。从 2001 年到 2017 年，评估了气候（气温、地表净太阳辐射、风速和风向）和非气候（纬度、湖泊面积、周长、宽度、长度和形态）因素的影响。使用皮尔逊系数（ρ）和自相关和互相关来建立 LWST 与所选因素之间的关系。我们发现，LSWT 的动态对全年的地貌形态因素（纬度和湖泊宽度）都很敏感，尤其是在夏季。在冬季，LSWTW 格局主要受风向影响（ρ=-0.66，p 值<0.01）。线性模型拟合到温度序列中，以检查拐点的趋势变化以及 LSWT 的变暖或冷却趋势。考虑到完整的序列，LSWT 的最大变暖率为每十年 0.25°C（°C/dec）。对已识别的子时段的分析表明，在较短的时间内可能会发生变暖或冷却（显著）。在子时段内，皮肤温度-白天（±0.0105°C/dec）、皮肤温度-夜间（0.0041°C/dec）和空气温度（-0.006°C/dec；0.007°C/dec）的平均趋势估计为 0.007°C/dec。由于对 SCSL 行为的了解以及对与物理和地貌特征相关的当前和潜在气候变化影响的理解不断增加，我们的方法有可能在未来的研究中得到应用。
