Centro Veterinario de Diagnóstico e Investigación (CEVEDI), Escuela de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua-León, León, Nicaragua.
Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama, Panama.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2021 Apr;83(4):527-544. doi: 10.1007/s10493-021-00603-9. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
The ectoparasite Varroa (Acari: Varroidae) is considered to be the main pest of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) in Nicaragua. The aim of this study was to determine morphotypes and mitochondrial haplotypes of the Varroa mites, related to infestation levels in A. mellifera hives in Nicaragua in a cross-sectional study (2013-2016). Samples were taken from 34 sentinel apiaries in five geographical zones; from 713 Varroa females collected during the study, 153 were selected for measurement of various morphometric characters for further classification into morphotypes. The mitochondrial haplotype was assigned to one of the two (Korean or Japanese), using the restriction by SacI of the PCR product of a fragment of the gene CO-I. Morphometric measurement and sequencing revealed the affiliation to the species Varroa destructor with a mean (± SD) body width of 1699.1 ± 60.2 µm and a body length of 1161.1 ± 34.9 µm. Body characters were significantly different among the 34 apiaries. Varroa destructor samples were classified into four morphotypes, with no significant differences in the geographical zones. As GAGCTC SacI enzyme cleavage sequences were not observed, all PCR products were identified as V. destructor Korean haplotype. The CO-I gene nucleotide sequences from two samples V. destructor showed both 100% similarity with the Korean haplotype and 99.8% similarity to the Japanese haplotype. Although the V. destructor mite was identified as a Korean haplotype, host-parasite association in 2 decades has led into a balance without entering into severe losses in the Nicaraguan apiculture.
体外寄生虫瓦螨（蜱螨目：瓦螨科）被认为是尼加拉瓜蜜蜂蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）的主要害虫。本研究旨在确定与尼加拉瓜 34 个监测蜂群中蜜蜂感染水平相关的瓦螨形态型和线粒体单倍型（2013-2016 年）。从五个地理区域的 34 个哨兵蜂场中采集样本；在研究期间共收集了 713 只瓦螨雌性，从中选择了 153 只为进一步分类为形态型进行了各种形态测量特征的测量。使用 PCR 产物的 SacI 限制，将线粒体单倍型分配给两个单倍型之一（韩国或日本），该产物的 CO-I 基因片段。形态测量和测序结果表明，它们属于瓦螨属，平均（±SD）体宽为 1699.1 ± 60.2 μm，体长为 1161.1 ± 34.9 μm。34 个蜂场的体宽特征存在显著差异。瓦螨样本分为四个形态型，在地理区域之间没有显著差异。由于未观察到 GAGCTC SacI 酶切割序列，所有 PCR 产物均被鉴定为瓦螨韩国单倍型。从两个样本瓦螨的 CO-I 基因核苷酸序列均显示与韩国单倍型的 100%相似性，与日本单倍型的 99.8%相似性。尽管瓦螨被鉴定为韩国单倍型，但 20 年来的宿主-寄生虫关系已经达到了平衡，而没有对尼加拉瓜养蜂业造成严重损失。
