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一对伦纳德式运河船闸闸门的综合生物和化学特性分析。

Integrated biological and chemical characterisation of a pair of leonardesque canal lock gates.

机构信息

Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci", Milano, Italy.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2021 Mar 10;16(3):e0247478. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247478. eCollection 2021.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0247478
PMID:33690726
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7946225/
Abstract

The Museo Nazionale della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci" in Milan is exposing two pairs of canal lock gates, used to control the water flow in Milan canal system, whose design appears in the Leonardo's Codex Atlanticus. The wood present in the gates has been deeply characterised by mean of a multidisciplinary investigation involving i) DNA barcoding of wood fragments; ii) microbial community characterisation, and iii) chemical analyses. DNA barcoding revealed that two fragments of the gates belonged to wood species widely used in the middle age: Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies. The chemical characterisations were based on the use of ionic liquid as dissolving medium in order to analyse the entire cell wall material by means of Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and 2D-NMR-HSQC techniques. This multidisciplinary analytical approach was able to highlight the complex nature of the degradation occurred during the gate operation (XVI-XVIII centuries): an intricate interplay between microbial populations (i.e. Shewanella), inorganic factors (i.e. iron from nails), physical factors and the lignocellulosic material.

摘要

米兰的“列奥纳多·达·芬奇”国立科学技术博物馆正在展出两对用于控制米兰运河系统水流的运河船闸闸门，其设计出现在列奥纳多的《大西洋古抄本》中。这些闸门中的木材已通过涉及以下三个方面的多学科研究进行了深入研究：i）木材碎片的 DNA 条码技术；ii）微生物群落特征，以及 iii）化学分析。DNA 条码技术显示，两个闸门碎片属于中世纪广泛使用的木材物种：欧洲山毛榉和欧洲云杉。化学特征分析基于使用离子液体作为溶解介质，通过凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）和 2D-NMR-HSQC 技术分析整个细胞壁材料。这种多学科的分析方法能够突出在闸门操作期间发生的复杂降解过程（16 至 18 世纪）：微生物种群（即希瓦氏菌）、无机因素（即钉子中的铁）、物理因素和木质纤维素材料之间的复杂相互作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/a31e5b5987a0/pone.0247478.g007.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/4ba6bb4501b6/pone.0247478.g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/178fbb18584e/pone.0247478.g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/bc3229cca1db/pone.0247478.g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/7979e74085a6/pone.0247478.g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/a31e5b5987a0/pone.0247478.g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/423ae5aa9c5b/pone.0247478.g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/639868069a90/pone.0247478.g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/4ba6bb4501b6/pone.0247478.g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/178fbb18584e/pone.0247478.g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/bc3229cca1db/pone.0247478.g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/7979e74085a6/pone.0247478.g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e563/7946225/a31e5b5987a0/pone.0247478.g007.jpg

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