Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, Avda. de Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Zoology (Jena). 2021 Jun;146:125904. doi: 10.1016/j.zool.2021.125904. Epub 2021 Feb 10.
In species that live in sympatry, some dimensions of their ecological niche can overlap, but coexistence is possible thanks to segregation strategies, being the differential use of space and time one of the most frequent. Through a pioneer study in North-West Africa based on a camera-trapping survey, we studied ecology features of a carnivores' community in the Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. We focused on how species shared (or not) the territory and their activity patterns. Camera trapping detected five carnivorous species: African golden wolf (Canis lupaster), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris), genet (Genetta genetta) and African wildcat (Felis lybica lybica). Generalized Linear Models confirmed different habitat selection patterns between these species. The presence of a small protected area or prey availability apparently were not determinant factors in the abundance of these species. Spatial segregation patterns were observed between the red fox with the domestic dog and between the red fox with the genet. Kernel density estimates showed strong temporal segregation of red fox and African golden wolf with regard to domestic dog, and suggested avoidance mechanisms for the triad red fox, genet and African golden wolf. Despite the influence of interspecific competition in the assembly of the community, human pressure was apparently the most relevant factor related with the spatio-temporal segregation in this territory.
在同域生活的物种中，它们生态位的某些维度可能会重叠，但由于隔离策略，共存是可能的，其中最常见的策略之一是时空的差异利用。通过在摩洛哥中阿特拉斯山脉基于相机陷阱调查的一项开创性研究，我们研究了北非地区一个食肉动物群落的生态特征。我们专注于物种如何（或不）共享领土及其活动模式。相机陷阱检测到五种食肉动物：非洲金狼（Canis lupaster）、赤狐（Vulpes vulpes）、家犬（Canis lupus familiaris）、马岛獴（Genetta genetta）和非洲野猫（Felis lybica lybica）。广义线性模型证实了这些物种之间存在不同的栖息地选择模式。小保护区的存在或猎物的可获得性显然不是这些物种丰度的决定因素。在赤狐与家犬以及赤狐与马岛獴之间观察到了空间隔离模式。核密度估计表明，赤狐和非洲金狼与家犬之间存在强烈的时间隔离，并且表明赤狐、马岛獴和非洲金狼三物种之间存在回避机制。尽管种间竞争对群落的组装有影响，但人为压力显然是与该地区时空隔离相关的最相关因素。
