Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University.
Department of Psychology, Brock University.
Dev Psychol. 2021 Mar;57(3):421-431. doi: 10.1037/dev0001159.
The reactivity-regulation model suggests that the origins and maintenance of shyness results from relatively high levels of reactivity in combination with relatively low levels of regulation. Although this model has received some empirical support, there are still issues regarding directionality of the relations among variables and a dearth of studies examining the joint influence of reactivity and regulation on the prospective development of shyness. Using a longitudinal design, we first examined whether the relations among reactivity, regulation, and shyness were unidirectional or bidirectional in a sample of 1284 children (49.8% female, 84.1% White; mean parental education fell between associate degree/diploma and undergraduate degree) assessed annually across three waves from late childhood and early adolescence (Mage = 10.72 years) to adolescence (Mage = 12.42 years) and then examined whether reactivity and regulation interacted to influence the development of shyness over time. At Wave 1, shyness was related to higher levels of reactivity and lower levels of regulation at Wave 2, but neither reactivity nor regulation at Wave 1 predicted shyness at Wave 2. At Wave 2, shyness predicted greater reactivity at Wave 3, but shyness at Wave 3 was only predicted by lower levels of regulation at Wave 2. Contrary to the reactivity-regulation model of shyness, we found that relatively high levels of reactivity and low levels of regulation predicted a steep decrease in shyness over 3 years. These results are discussed in the context of the socioemotional difficulties experienced by shy individuals and demonstrate the importance of empirically evaluating long-standing models of personality development. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
反应调节模型表明，害羞的起源和维持是由于相对较高的反应性与相对较低的调节能力相结合。尽管该模型得到了一些实证支持，但在变量之间关系的方向性以及缺乏研究检验反应性和调节对害羞的前瞻性发展的共同影响方面仍存在问题。使用纵向设计，我们首先在一个由 1284 名儿童（49.8%为女性，84.1%为白人；父母受教育程度中位数在大专/副学士和本科学位之间）组成的样本中检验了反应性、调节和害羞之间的关系是单向的还是双向的，该样本在从童年后期和青春期早期（Mage = 10.72 岁）到青春期（Mage = 12.42 岁）的三个时间点进行了年度评估，然后检验了反应性和调节是否相互作用，影响害羞在时间上的发展。在第 1 波，害羞与第 2 波的更高的反应性和更低的调节能力相关，但第 1 波的反应性或调节能力都不能预测第 2 波的害羞。在第 2 波，害羞预测了第 3 波的更高的反应性，但第 3 波的害羞只被第 2 波的较低的调节能力所预测。与害羞的反应调节模型相反，我们发现相对较高的反应性和较低的调节能力水平预示着在 3 年内害羞程度的急剧下降。这些结果在害羞个体经历的社会情感困难的背景下进行了讨论，并证明了实证评估长期存在的人格发展模型的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录（c）2021 APA，保留所有权利）。
