Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2021 Aug;71:46-54. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.02.004. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Highly polarized neurons need to carefully regulate the distribution of organelles and other cargoes into their two morphologically and functionally distinct domains, the somatodendritic and axonal compartments, to maintain proper neuron homeostasis. An outstanding question in the field is how organelles reach their correct destination. Long-range transport along microtubules, driven by motors, ensures a fast and controlled availability of organelles in axons and dendrites, but it remains largely unclear what rules govern their transport into the correct compartment. Here, we review the emerging concepts of polarized cargo trafficking in neurons, highlighting the role of microtubule organization, microtubule-associated proteins, and motor proteins and discuss compartment-specific inclusion and exclusion mechanisms as well as the regulation of correct coupling of cargoes to motor proteins.
高度极化的神经元需要仔细调节细胞器和其他货物在其两个形态和功能上截然不同的区域（树突体和轴突区）中的分布，以维持适当的神经元内稳态。该领域的一个突出问题是细胞器如何到达其正确的目的地。沿着微管的长距离运输，由马达驱动，确保了细胞器在轴突和树突中的快速和受控供应，但对于控制其运输到正确隔室的规则仍知之甚少。在这里，我们综述了神经元中极化货物运输的新兴概念，强调了微管组织、微管相关蛋白和马达蛋白的作用，并讨论了隔室特异性的包含和排除机制以及货物与马达蛋白正确偶联的调节。
