Kaur Rasleen, Chandra Jipsi, Keshavkant S
School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010 India.
Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2021 Feb;27(2):399-415. doi: 10.1007/s12298-021-00942-2. Epub 2021 Feb 17.
Modern agricultural efforts are now in search of an efficient, eco-friendly and sustainable approach for enhanced crop production. Nearly 50-60% of seeds lost occurs due to improper technical handling. Seed deterioration manifests itself as reduction in the rate of germination and growth with increased susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, seed ageing is another economic and scientific issue that is associated with an array of internal (structural, physiological and genetic) and external (storage temperature and relative humidity) factors. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to be a key player in ageing phenomenon. However, hydrated storage, or ROS blockers are a few of the conventionally used methods to minimize the ageing process. Recently, exogenous applications of different inorganic nanoparticles (metal and metal oxide) are suggested to revitalize and revive aged seeds. Owing to their special properties of nano-size with high surface area they easily penetrate the seed coat. Exposure of nanoparticles has been suggested to neutralize the excess of ROS to a level that initiates hormonal signaling to support early emergence of radicles from the seeds. Nanotechnology has been well explored to enhance the crops nutritional quality, livestock productivity, plant protection from various stressors and in enhancement of seed quality via nanopesticides and nanofertilizers. Aiming at sustainable agriculture practices with fewer inputs, maximum benefits, ecologically safe and compatible technique the nanotechnology is an efficient approach to counteract problems of seed ageing incurring during storage, which is relatively less explored and unresolved conventionally, in general.
现代农业正在寻求一种高效、环保且可持续的方法来提高作物产量。近50%-60%的种子损失是由于技术处理不当造成的。种子劣变表现为发芽率和生长速率降低，对生物和非生物胁迫的敏感性增加。此外，种子老化是另一个经济和科学问题，它与一系列内部（结构、生理和遗传）和外部（储存温度和相对湿度）因素有关。活性氧（ROS）被认为是老化现象中的关键因素。然而，水合储存或ROS阻断剂是一些传统上用于尽量减少老化过程的方法。最近，有人建议通过外源施用不同的无机纳米颗粒（金属和金属氧化物）来使老化种子恢复活力。由于其纳米尺寸和高表面积的特殊性质，它们很容易穿透种皮。有人提出，纳米颗粒的暴露可以将过量的ROS中和到一个水平，从而启动激素信号传导，以支持种子胚根的早期萌发。纳米技术已被广泛探索，用于提高作物的营养品质及畜牧生产力、保护植物免受各种胁迫，并通过纳米农药和纳米肥料提高种子质量。为了实现投入少、效益高、生态安全且技术兼容的可持续农业实践，纳米技术是一种有效的方法，可以解决种子在储存过程中出现的老化问题，总体而言，这在传统上相对较少被探索且尚未得到解决。
